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Stomach acid, having a pH of approximately 2, is used to aid in digestion. When a person experiencing heartburn takes a dose of an antacid drug, like Tums or Rolaids, a neutralization reaction occurs in the stomach. How is it chemically possible for the stomach acid to remain acidic even after the neutralization reaction occurs?

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Casey DurganLv2
28 Sep 2019
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Related questions


Larry has not been feeling well lately. He tells his doctor that he has discomfort and a burning feeling in his chest, and a sour taste in his throat and mouth. At times, Larry says he feels bloated after a big meal, has a dry cough, is hoarse, and sometimes has a sore throat. He has tried antacids, but they do not bring any relief.
The doctor tells Larry that he thinks he has acid reflux. At the top of the stomach there is a valve, the lower esophageal sphincter, that normally closes after food passes through it. However, if the valve does not close completely, acid produced in the stomach to digest food can move up into the esophagus, a condition called acid reflux. The acid, which is hydrochloric acid, HCl, is produced in the stomach to kill bacteria, microorganisms, and to activate the enzymes we need to break down food. (Figure 1)
If acid reflux occurs, the strong acid HCl comes in contact with the lining of the esophagus, where it causes irritation and produces a burning feeling in the chest. Sometimes the pain in the chest is called heartburn. If the HCl reflux goes high enough to reach the throat, a sour taste may be noticed in the mouth. If Larry's symptoms occur three or more times a week, he may have a chronic condition known as acid reflux disease orgastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Larry's doctor orders an esophageal pH test in which the amount of acid entering the esophagus from the stomach is measured over 24 h. A probe that measures the pH is inserted into the lower esophagus above the esophageal sphincter. The pHmeasurements indicate a reflux episode each time the pH drops to 4 or less.
In the 24-h period, Larry has several reflux episodes and his doctor determines that he has chronic GERD. He and Larry discuss treatment for GERD, which includes eating smaller meals, not lying down for 3 h after eating, making dietary changes, and losing weight. Antacids may be used to neutralize the acid coming up from the stomach. Other medications known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), such as Prilosec and Nexium, may be used to suppress the production of HCl in the stomach (gastric parietal cells), which raises the pH in the stomach to between 4 and 5, and gives the esophagus time to heal. Nexium may be given in oral doses of 40 mg once a day for 4 weeks. In severe GERD cases, an artificial valve may be created at the top of the stomach to strength the lower esophageal sphincter.(Figure 2)

Part A

How many grams of Mg(OH)2 are required to neutralize 450. mL of stomach acid HCl with a pH of 1.7?

Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

Part A A fuel cell differs from a battery because the current is being generated from a reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction in which the reactant is consumed. A classic example of a fuel cell is the phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), which have been used in stationary power generators, buses, and even submarines. Fuel cells require an electrolyte (similar to batteries) to carry electrically charged species between the electrodes, and a PAFC utilizes phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as its electrolyte. Phosphoric acid has three acidic protons that can dissociate in water, as highlighted in red here: H3PO4. However, it is considered a weak acid because some of the acid will remain in molecular form when dissolved in water. Write the complete ionic equation that depicts the dissociation of the first proton for the weak acid phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Make certain you include all charges for any ions produced. Express you answer as a chemical equation including phases. Titrations as analytical neutralization reactions Neutralization reactions can occur between any combination of weak/strong acids and bases. When we want to determine the concentration of a base in solution, we can apply the concept of neutralization by reacting the base with a known amount of an acid in the presence of an indicator (a compound that changes color depending on the pH). This method of determining the concentration of a base is called acid-base titration, and it can also be used to determine the concentration of an acid by titrating it with a known amount of base. A common acid to use for titrations is potassium hydrogen phthalate (written as KHP or KHPh; do not confuse the P for phosphorus). The reason KHP is common is because it is solid at room temperature, and we can accurately mass the amount that is added to solution. As a soluble salt, KHP completely dissociates to form a potassium ion (K+) and an acidic hydrogen phthalate ion (HP−), which is a weak acid that has only one acidic hydrogen. This ionization is depicted below. KHP(s) → K+(aq)+HP−(aq) Although ionization (the formation of ions) occurs as a result of acid dissociation for most weak acids, KHP ionizes before acid dissociation occurs. In other words, HP− is a weak acid ion. Part C If you wanted to determine how much KOH (potassium hydroxide; a strong base) was dissolved in water, you could titrate it with a known amount of KHP (potassium hydrogen phthalate; a weak acid) until a color change indicates that the base is completely neutralized. The molecular equation below depicts this neutralization reaction. KHP(aq)+KOH(aq)→K2P(aq)+H2O(l) Write the net ionic equation that depicts the neutralization of the base by potassium hydrogen phthalate. Instead of using the entire chemical formula of phthalate, use HP− to represent the acidic hydrogen phthalate ion and P2− to represent the phthalate ion. Express your answer as a net ionic equation including phases.

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