CHEM 1211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Spectator Ion, Buffer Solution, Conjugate Acid
Document Summary
Substances can be classified as soluble or insoluble based on their solubility in water: **electrolytes**: electrolytes are substances that, when dissolved in water, produce ions and conduct electricity. Solubility rules can be used to predict the formation of a precipitate: **molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic equations**: molecular equations show the complete chemical formulas of reactants and products in a chemical reaction. Complete ionic equations show all the ions present in a reaction, including spectator ions. Net ionic equations only show the ions that participate in the reaction, excluding spectator ions: **acids and bases**: acids are substances that donate protons (h+ ions) in solution, while bases are substances that accept protons. The strength of an acid or base depends on its degree of ionization in water: **neutralization reactions**: neutralization reactions involve the reaction of an acid and a base to form a salt and water.
