RGUHS_NSG Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Aortic Stenosis, Congenital Heart Defect, Valvular Heart Disease

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vineethamat

10 Apr 2023

School

Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences - RGUHS

Department

Nursing

Course

RGUHS_NSG

Professor

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Document Summary

Chds are present at birth and can affect the structure of a baby"s heart and the way it works. They can affect how blood flows through the heart and out to the rest of the body. Chds can vary from mild (such as a small hole in the heart) to severe (such as missing or poorly formed parts of the heart). Aortic valve stenosis is a type of heart valve disease. The valve between the lower left heart chamber and the body"s main artery (aorta) is narrowed and doesn"t open fully. This reduces or blocks blood flow from the heart to the aorta and to the rest of the body. Coarctation of the aorta (coa) is a birth defect in which a part of the aorta,( a tube that carries oxygen-rich blood to the body), is narrower than usual. The narrowing can be severe and will often require treatment shortly after birth.

Related Questions

Beginning in the right atrium of the heart, explain the major anatomical structures that a drop of blood passes through before ending up in the aorta. Make sure to include valves, vessels, and heart chambers in your answer.

johnellross

How many calories in that fast-food meal? Ontario menu labelling legislation takes effect
Jan. 1
CBC News · Posted: Dec 29, 2016
Restaurant-goers in Ontario are going to notice a little extra something on some menus as of Jan.
1: calorie counts.
Legislation that comes into effect Sunday under the Healthy Menu Choices Act, 2015 requires
that all restaurants with 20 or more locations must clearly display the caloric information for any
food and drink items.
Not only will the information have to be on menus, but it will also need to be clearly displayed
on menu boards and even on restaurant apps. Hospitals, schools, daycares and correctional
institutions are exempt.
The Heart and Stroke Foundation supports the initiative, believing that providing people with
more information helps them make better choices.
"Menu labelling is one small thing that empowers parents and empowers Ontarians to take
control of the choices that they make when they're having lunch or dinner at a restaurant," said
Joe Belfontaine, executive director of the Ontario branch of the Heart and Stroke Foundation.
"Certainly it's not the end-all or be-all, but it's an important tool in the toolbox."
Although Ontario is the first province in the country to require nutritional labelling at restaurants,
Belfontaine said that he hopes other provinces will follow suit.
Will it make a difference?
Whether including caloric counts will have any lasting health benefits, however, is questionable.
New York City has had food labelling requirements at restaurants since 2008. Since then,
researchers have attempted to ascertain whether it's made a difference to the city's population.
Calories of each food item appear on a McDonald's drive-thru menu in New York City. The city
made it mandatory for restaurants to display nutritional information since 2008. (Associated
Press)
A 2012 study in the American Journal of Public Health concluded posting calories on foods had
no direct impact on what foods people chose to buy. Over time, it appeared that people simply
ignored the labelling altogether.
A more recent study from Tulane University suggested that the New York City mandate
"plausibly reduced the obesity rate by 2.5 percentage points."
Dr. Sean Wharton, an internal medicine specialist who also runs a weight management and
diabetes clinic in Toronto, believes that the move is a positive one by the government,
particularly for those who are paying close attention to their nutrition. However, it's likely a
different story for the general population.
"From an overall population level, I'm not so sure it'll have the big impact that we're actually
looking for," Wharton said.
"I don't think it's going to decrease weight from a population basis, but I think an informed
consumer is better at making choices and making judgements."
Wharton also noted that data supporting the idea of health benefits from such labelling is weak.
As well, he said, no studies have found that nutrition intake is any better in a general population
when such measures are undertaken.
While the evidence may be slim for a smaller waistline associated with menu labelling, experts
believe that it's important that people make informed decisions.
"I think it's important for consumers to have choice," Belfontaine said. "I think it's important for
consumers to have the right information."

Requiring restaurants to put calorie counts on menus is an example of which mechanism of policy

A. Exhortation
B. Expenditure
C. Taxation
D. Regulation
E. Public Ownership

Dr Wharton suggests that “an informed consumer is better at making choices and making judgements.” What ethical principle does this represent?

A. Autonomy
B. Non-maleficence
C. Beneficence
D. Justice

pearferret703

RGUHS_NSG Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Aortic Stenosis, Congenital Heart Defect, Valvular Heart Disease

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