BIOS 1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Nitrogenous Base, Chromatin, Pyrimidine
Document Summary
Chromosomes: thread-like structures found in the nucleus of a cell and made up of dna (molecule that contains the genetic code of organisms) tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure. The resulting dna-protein complex is called chromatin (histones surrounded by dna) The genome of an organism is the whole hereditary information of an organism that is encoded in dna. Dna (deoxyribonucleic acid): a double-stranded nucleic acid chain made up of nucleotides. carries the instructions for proteins which are required for cell and organism survival controls all the chemical changes which take place in cells. Dna has a double-helix structure, and is held together by strong hydrogen bonds between bases. Dna (and rna) is made of monomers called nucleotides, which consist of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base and a 5-carbon sugar. A nucleoside is a structural subunit of nucleic acids consisting of a molecule of sugar linked to a nitrogen base (no phosphate group)
