BIOL 2100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Cervical Vertebrae, Lumbar Vertebrae, Occipital Condyle

why would it be a problem to replace a thoracic vertebra with a cervical vertebra? Put a cervial vertebra where a thoracic vertebra is normally found

E. What are the characteristics of the cervical region ofthe vertebral column in amphibians, reptiles, birds andmammals?

F. How does the vertebral column exhibit

1. Answer the following in regards to the skeleton of the vertebrae; your response to each should be 1-3 sentences in length:

a) Giraffes have seven cervical vertebrae like all other mammals. How is the long neck possible?
b) The ear ossicles of the middle ear represent a mammalian characteristic. What are the homologues (and analogues) in other vertebrates?
c) How can fish survive without a sternum?
d) In a human, does the pectoral girdle truly juxtapose with the axial skeleton? Explain.
e) Justify locomotion without limbs.