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6.1 Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage help form the skeleton
- Describe the functional properties [and locations] of the three types of cartilage tissue. 2 pts*
a. Hyaline cartilages: functional properties & locations
b. Elastic cartilages: functional properties & locations
c. Fibrocartilages: functional properties & locations
- Locate the major cartilages of the adult skeleton. No response needed.
- Explain how cartilage grows. 1 pt
6.2 Bones perform several important functions
- List and describe seven important functions of bones. 2 pts
a. Function #1: describe
b. Function #2: describe
Etc.
6.3 Bones are classified by their location and shape
- Name the major regions of the skeleton and describe their relative functions. No response needed.
- Compare and contrast the structure of the four bone classes and provide examples of each class. 2 pts
a. Class #1: structure and examples
b. Class #2: structure and examples
Etc.
6.4 The gross structure of all bones consists of compact bone sandwiching spongy bone
- Describe the gross anatomy of a typical flat bone and a long bone. No response needed for this first part. Indicate the locations & functions of red & yellow marrow, articular cartilage, periosteum and endosteum. 3 pts
a. Red marrow: location and function
b. Yellow marrow: location and function
c. Articular cartilage: location and function
d. Periosteum: location and function
e. Endosteum: location and functions
- Indicate the functional importance of bone markings. 1 pt
- Describe the histology of compact and spongy bone. 2 pts
a. Histology of compact bone (Hint: osteons)
b. Histology of spongy bone (Hint: trabeculae)
- Discuss the chemical composition of bone and the advantages conferred by the organic and inorganic components. 2 pts
a. Organic components and advantages
b. Inorganic components and advantages
6.5 Bones develop either by intramembranous or endochondral ossification
- Compare and contrast intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. 1 pt (Hint: do NOT outline individual steps. Look at the overall processes.)
- Describe the process of long bone growth that occurs at the epiphyseal plates. 1 pt
6.6 Bone remodeling involves bone deposit and removal
- Compare the locations and remodeling functions of the osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. 1 pt
a. Osteoblasts: location and remodeling function
b. Osteocytes: location and remodeling function
c. Osteoclasts: location and remodeling function
- Explain how hormones and physical [mechanical] stress regulate bone remodeling. 2 pts
a. Hormones: explain how hormones regulate remodeling
b. Physical [mechanical] stress: explain how stress regulates remodeling
6.7 Bone repair involves hematoma and callus formation, and remodeling
- Describe the steps of fracture repair. 1 pt
a. Step #1: describe
b. Step #2: describe
Etc.
6.8 Bone disorders result from abnormal bone deposition and resorption
- Contrast the disorders of bone remodeling seen in osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and Paget’s disease. 1.5 pts a. Osteomalacia: contrast with other 2 disorders
b. Osteoporosis: contrast with other 2 disorders
c. Paget’s disease: contrast with other 2 disorders
Developmental Aspects of Bones: Timing of Events
- Describe the timing and cause of changes in bone architecture and bone mass throughout life. 1.5 pts
SYSTEM CONNECTIONS: Homeostatic Interrelationships between the Skeletal System and Other Body Systems, p. 195
- Choose TWO other body systems and state their interrelationship with the skeletal system 1 pt
- System #1: interrelationship with skeletal system
- System #2: interrelationship with skeletal system
All categories of developmental milestones MUST be touched upon
