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BIOL 2202 Lecture 8: LECTURE 2 - Classification and Phylogeniesdocx

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acresauthority
16 Jan 2023
School
Colorado College
Department
Human Biology and Kinesiology
Course
BIOL 2202
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Document Summary

Study questions for classification and phylogenies (chapter 20) Explain why we use scientific nomenclature instead of common names and know-how to correctly write binomial scientific names. Understand how to read a phylogenetic tree. Explain the relationships between homologous traits, analogous traits, convergent evolution, divergent evolution, and shared ancestry. Explain the differences between a derived and an ancestral trait. Recognize and demonstrate the differences between monophyly, polyphyly, and paraphyly. Taxonomy - the science and system of classifying organisms. Taxon (plural: taxa) - a single level in the taxonomic classification system. Binomial nomenclature - a latinized 2-part name given to species. The first part is the genus (always capitalized) and the second part is the species (always lowercase) Phylogenetic systematics - the science and system of classifying organisms to reflect their phylogeny. Root - common ancestor to all organisms on the tree. Basal taxon - a lineage that evolved early and remains unbranched.

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Related Questions

Q 1). When reading a Phylogeny which three things areimportant to keep in mind?
Q 2). Why does the part of the tree colored orange not represent aclade? Explain
Q3). Did humans evolved from chimpanzees?explain
Q 4). What are shared derived characters and why are they usedto build evolutionary tree?
Q5). Are bird wings and bat wings, homologies or analogiesexplain?
Q6). What is a phylogenetic classification system?
Q7). Are dinosaurs entirely extinct explain?
Q8). List three ways scientists use to determine how long agoa particular group of species originated?
Q9). According to the Phylogenetic tree, about how manymillions of years ago did Mammals originates?

2. Describe the current 3-domain system of classification and explain why it replaced the old 5-kingdom system. Explain the major differences between these two taxonomic systems.

What is a phylogenetic tree and how and why does the phylogeny-based identification of microorganisms work (in other words which are the principles of evolution that phylogeny based identification is based on?) Draw a hypothetical phylogenetic tree of seven organisms four of which showing no evolutionary divergence to each other and the other three being more divergent compared to the previous four organisms. Should the former four organisms be assigned to the same species or not based on your tree?