PSY 226 Chapter 8: Chapter 8 PSY 226

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Such environment-independent characteristics are typically referred to as traits, or enduring tendencies to respond in a particular manner. Early tests assumed that a person"s response to an objective test item could be taken at face value. This assumption of face validity viewed the content of a test item as a straightforward indicator of a person"s personality. Closely related to the honesty of attest response is the notion of social desirability. A person might be honest but, without even being totally aware of it, might endorse the response believed to be the one the examiner wants to hear or the response that reflects most favorably on the subject. A response bias is the tendency to respond in a particular way, regardless of item content. Surface traits: in cattell"s factor analyses of personality traits, clusters of responses or overt behaviors that are related or fit together.

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