Project 1 Prepare job costing information for the following: Joseph runs an electrical contracting business and employs six electricians. He is only involved in supervision but on occasion will assist if needed. He charges direct labour hours at $45.00 per hour. Three of Josephâs electricians are working on a job that involves wiring and fitting fixtures in a new house for Mr and Mrs Fleet. All materials and fixtures used have come from inventory. Each electrician spends half an hour at the beginning of each day on administration tasks and travels for half an hour to get to the job. They also spend half an hour at the end of the day undertaking administrative tasks. If they finish a job late afternoon and there is not enough time to start another they return to base and fill the time with other administrative tasks. Geoff Smith is responsible for the initial wiring. He calculates that he will need two rolls of electrical cabling and that it will take him 12 hours to complete the job. He works on the job on 15/10/11 and 18/10/11. He completes a materials requisition form and the cost per roll of electrical cable is $85.00. Peter Jones is responsible for fitting all fixtures. He has to fit 23 double power points and 15 down lights. Takes seven hours, so he works for longer to get it done in one day (there are no overtime penalties to worry about). He works on the site on 18/10/11. His materials requisition form shows that the power points are $7.50 per unit and the down lights are $25 each. Brian Brown is the senior electrician and he wired the switchboard, the circuit breakers and checked the work undertaken by the others. He expected this to take about four hours but he was there for seven hours because of problems encountered. He began his work on 22/10/11 and completed the remaining four hours on 25/10/11. The switchboard cost was $190.00 and the circuit breakers were $19.00 each. Twelve were needed. Brian took the afternoon of the 22nd and the morning of the 25th off for recreation leave. He went straight from the job to take his leave and went to the job from his leave without going to the workshop. Recreation leave is costed as administration. Each electrician normally starts at 8.30 am and has lunch from 12.30 until 1.00 pm. At the beginning of the financial year Joseph examined all of his overhead costs; vehicle leases, rent on premises, inventory, replacement of specialised equipment, depreciation, indirect labour, indirect materials, salary on-costs and insurance. These include his fixed and his variable costs. He calculated overall costs to be $662,500. 1 If each of his six electricians worked 46 weeks at 40 hours per week, what are his overhead costs?

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Project 1 Prepare job costing information for the following: Joseph runs an electrical contracting business and employs six electricians. He is only involved in supervision but on occasion will assist if needed. He charges direct labour hours at $45.00 per hour. Three of Josephâs electricians are working on a job that involves wiring and fitting fixtures in a new house for Mr and Mrs Fleet. All materials and fixtures used have come from inventory. Each electrician spends half an hour at the beginning of each day on administration tasks and travels for half an hour to get to the job. They also spend half an hour at the end of the day undertaking administrative tasks. If they finish a job late afternoon and there is not enough time to start another they return to base and fill the time with other administrative tasks. Geoff Smith is responsible for the initial wiring. He calculates that he will need two rolls of electrical cabling and that it will take him 12 hours to complete the job. He works on the job on 15/10/11 and 18/10/11. He completes a materials requisition form and the cost per roll of electrical cable is $85.00. Peter Jones is responsible for fitting all fixtures. He has to fit 23 double power points and 15 down lights. Takes seven hours, so he works for longer to get it done in one day (there are no overtime penalties to worry about). He works on the site on 18/10/11. His materials requisition form shows that the power points are $7.50 per unit and the down lights are $25 each. Brian Brown is the senior electrician and he wired the switchboard, the circuit breakers and checked the work undertaken by the others. He expected this to take about four hours but he was there for seven hours because of problems encountered. He began his work on 22/10/11 and completed the remaining four hours on 25/10/11. The switchboard cost was $190.00 and the circuit breakers were $19.00 each. Twelve were needed. Brian took the afternoon of the 22nd and the morning of the 25th off for recreation leave. He went straight from the job to take his leave and went to the job from his leave without going to the workshop. Recreation leave is costed as administration. Each electrician normally starts at 8.30 am and has lunch from 12.30 until 1.00 pm. At the beginning of the financial year Joseph examined all of his overhead costs; vehicle leases, rent on premises, inventory, replacement of specialised equipment, depreciation, indirect labour, indirect materials, salary on-costs and insurance. These include his fixed and his variable costs. He calculated overall costs to be $662,500. 1 If each of his six electricians worked 46 weeks at 40 hours per week, what are his overhead costs?

corallion931

For many of us, smartphones have become indispensable, but they have also come under fire
for their impact on the way we think and behave, especially among children. Two of the largest
investors in Apple Inc. are urging the iPhone maker to take action against smartphone addiction
among children over growing concerns about the negative effects of technology. An open letter
to Apple on January 6, 2018 from New York-based JANA Partners and the California State
Teachers’ Retirement System (CalSTRS) stated that the firm must do more to help children
fight smartphone addiction. These two shareholders together control about $2 billion in Apple
stock. The investors’ letter urged Apple to offer tools to prevent smartphone addiction and to
provide more parental options for monitoring children’s smartphone usage. The iOS operating
system for Apple smartphones and tablets already has limited parental controls for restricting
Examiners: Dr. Emmanuel Awuni and Dr. Acheampong Owusu Page 2 of 4
apps, features such as location sharing, and access to certain types of content. The investors
felt Apple needs to do more—for example, enable parents to specify the age of the user of the
phone during setup, establish limits on screen time, select hours of the day the phone can be
used, and block social media services.
The average American teenager who uses a smartphone receives his or her first phone at age
10 and spends over 4.5 hours a day on it (excluding texting and talking). Seventy-eight percent
of teens check their phones at least hourly and 50 percent report feeling “addicted” to their
phones. The investors’ letter cited a number of studies on the negative effects of heavy
smartphone and social media use on the mental and physical health of children whose brains
are still developing. These range from distractions in the classroom to a higher risk of suicide
and depression. A recent survey of over 2,300 teachers by them Center on Media and Child
Health and the University of Alberta found that 67 percent of the teachers reported that the
number of students who are negatively distracted by digital technologies in the classroom is
growing. Seventy-five percent of these teachers think students’ ability to focus on educational
tasks has decreased. Research by psychology professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State
University found that U.S. teenagers who spend 3 hours a day or more on electronic devices
are 35 percent more likely, and those who spend 5 hours, or more are 71 percent more likely,
to have a risk factor for suicide than those who spend less than 1 hour. This research also
showed that eighth-graders who are heavy users of social media have a 27 percent higher risk
of depression. Those who spend more than the average time playing sports, hanging out with
friends in person, or doing homework have a significantly lower risk. Additionally, teens who
spend 5 or more hours a day on electronic devices are 51 percent more likely to get less than 7
hours of sleep per night (versus the recommended 9).
Nicholas Carr, who has studied the impact of technology on business and culture, shares these
concerns. He has been highly critical of the Internet’s effect on cognition, and these cognitive
effects extend to smartphone use. Carr worries that excessive use of mobile devices diminishes
the capacity for concentration and contemplation. Carr recognizes that smartphones provide
many useful functions in a very handy form. However, this extraordinary usefulness gives them
too much influence on our attention, thinking, and behaviour. Smartphones shape our thoughts
in deep and complicated ways, and their effects persist even when we aren’t using the devices.
Research suggests that the intellect weakens as the brain grows dependent on the technology.
Carr points to the work of Adrian Ward, a cognitive psychologist and marketing professor at
the University of Texas at Austin, who for a decade has been studying how smartphones and
the Internet affect people’s thoughts and judgment. Ward has observed that using a smartphone,
or even hearing one ring or vibrate, produces distractions that make it harder to concentrate on
a difficult problem or job. Divided attention impedes reasoning and performance.
A study published in Applied Cognitive Psychology in April 2017 examined how smartphones
affected learning in a lecture class with 160 students at the University of Arkansas at
Monticello. It found that students who didn’t bring their phones to the classroom scored a full
letter-grade higher on a test of the material presented than those who brought their phones. It
didn’t matter whether students who brought their phones used them or not. A study of 91 U.K.
secondary schools, published in 2016 in the journal Labour Economics, found that when
schools ban smartphones, students’ examination scores go up substantially, and the weakest
students benefit the most. Carr also observes that using smartphones extensively can be
detrimental to social skills and relationships. Connecting with “friends” electronically via
smartphones is not a substitute for genuine person-to-person relationships and face-to-face
conversations.

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RWS 1301 Study Guide - Sigala, Tuesday Afternoon, Whiteboard

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