ENVS 2210 Lecture Notes - Y Chromosome, Zygosity, Meiosis

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Genes, sex determination and their consequences in honeybees. Chromosome organization and number in the honeybee. Mitosis in somatic cells =2 identical diploid cells. Meiosis in germ cells = 4 genetically different haploid cells. Fragment of dna that codes for the synthesis of a protein. Alleles are paired genes located in the same locus of the homologous chromosomes. Alleles vary in their expression affecting a characteristic (dominant or recessive) Chromosomes exchange fragments during meiosis, resulting in recombinant products. No recombination in drone sperm production therefore the chromosome inherited from the father is all from the father all of the genes pass intact to the female offspring. There are two chromosomes x and y. All female eggs carry an x chromosome. Male sperm cells carry either the x or y chromosome (determines the sex of the child) Sex determined by a gene and not by a chromosome. Most genes have only two forms (alleles) of expression.

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