PHIL 102 Chapter Notes -Phi Beta Kappa Society, Logical Form, Counterexample
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Exercises 1f: no skyscrapers are buildings made of steel. Therefore, no buildings made of steel are towers less than 200 years old. Let t = towers less than 200 years old, s = skyscrapers are b = buildings made of steel, then the argument form is as follows: The following substitutions create a counterexample: let t = cats, s = mammals, and b = dogs. Both of the premises are considered true making the conclusion false. Therefore the counterexample shows that the argument is invalid: all phi beta kappa members are seniors in college. All phi beta kappa members are liberal arts majors. Therefore, all liberal arts majors are seniors in college. The following subsections create a counterexample: let t = kittens, s = cats, Let t = phi beta kappa members, s = seniors in college, b = liberal arts majors, then the argument form is as follows:
