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BIOCHEMISTRY Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Pyridoxal Phosphate, Cysteine Metabolism, Pyridoxal

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jaazz
21 Oct 2022
School
Kerala University of Health Sciences - KUHS
Department
Biochemistry
Course
BIOCHEMISTRY
Professor

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Document Summary

Coenzyme form vitamin b6 is the term applied to a family of 3 related pyridine derivatives; Active form of pyridoxine is pyridoxal phosphate (plp). It is synthesized by pyridoxal kinase, utilizing atp. The pyridoxal phosphate (plp) acts as coenzyme for many reactions in amino acid metabolism. These reactions are catalyzed by amino transferases (transaminases) which employ plp as the coenzyme. All decarboxylation reactions of amino acids require plp as coenzyme: methionine and cysteine metabolism. in vitamin b6 deficiency homocysteine in blood is increased. Homocysteine level in blood is correlated with myocardial infarction, and therefore, pyridoxine is used in clinical practice to prevent homocysteinemia. This is the rate limiting step in heme biosynthesis. Pyridoxal phosphate is required for the synthesis of niacin fromtryptophan (one vitamin is necessary for synthesis of another vitamin. In vitamin b6 deficiency, plp dependent enzymes function poorly. So, serotonin, epinephrine, noradrenaline and gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) are not produced properly.

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Related Questions

The following structures are some of the vitamines we need. a)Indicate which of them are colored (i.e. absorb light in thevisible wavelength range). Give a reason for your decision. b)Indicate which of them are soluble in water. Give a reason for thedecision. c) Which of the pair pyridoxine/pyridoxal will absorblight of lower energy? Give your reason for this.

Rank the following B Vitamins in order of increasing molar mass.

B1, thiamine
B2, riboflavin
B5, pantothenic acid
B6, pyridoxine
B7, biotin

(This is BIOchemistry) While seeking some vitamin supplements, you happen across two brands that both advertise containing vitamin B6. Reading the labels, you see one contains pyridoxamine (PM) and the other contains pyridoxine (PN).

a.) Is there any difference in effectiveness between the two brands? In your answer, explain what metabolically-important compound is being made and what enzymes are needed.

b.) A third bottle contains a compound called pyritinol and advertises itself as being a study aid or "smart drug". How is it similar or different from the two compounds above, PM and PN? What was it originally used for? Propose a mechanism/pathway for pyritinol's effects.

(This problem relates to chapters 22, Biosynthesis of amino acids, nucleotides, and related molecules; and chapter 23, hormonal regulation and integration of mammalian metabolism, from the Lehninger Biochemistry textbook).