NATS1770 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Cytogenetics, Amniocentesis, Microtubule

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30 May 2022
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The number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of an organism is an important characteristic. Chromosome analysis is a power and useful technique in human genetics. As chromosomes condense and become visible during cell division, certain structural features can be recognized. A region of a chromosome to which microtubule fibers attach during cell division. The location of a centromere gives a chromosome its characteristic shape. Replicated chromosomes at metaphase consist of sister chromatids joined by a single centromere. Metacentric: a chromosome that has a centrally placed centromere. Submetacentric: a chromosome whose centromere is placed very close to, but not at, one end. Acrocentric: a chromosome whose centromere is placed very close to, but not at, one end. Chromosomes are identified by size, centromere, location, branding pattern. Sex chromosomes: in humans, the x and y chromosomes that are involved in sex determination. Autosomes: chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes, in humans, chromosomes 1 to 22 are autosomes.

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