BIOL 121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Species, Phyle, Paraphyly

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27 May 2022

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BIOL 121 Full Course Notes

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Depicts hypothesized evolutionary relationships amongst species / 0ther-axa tenow. Revised when new data available w/ certainty. Names at tips can represent populations , species , or larger groups , dna sequences . (cid:8869) tips represent extant species for exam. Branches = lineage : each branch represents species / taxa through time - lineage from ancestor to descendant. Horizontal lines separate taxa a evolution occurs along vertical lines. If trait changed / lost it"s indicated. " single tribe " all of it"s descendants - includes internal nodes. If you cut off a branch , what falls off is clade / monophyletic group but not all descendants paraphyletic group para: near phyle : tribe/ clan. Includes the common ancestor of common ancestor polyphyletic group : group of organisms that doesn"t include most recent common ancestor ex . Mammalia and ares share common ancestor but ancestor doesn"t include most descendants.

Related Questions

How does speciation occur, and how is the evolutionary history of speciation represented in a phylogenetic tree?

magentadonkey275

What problems does horizontal gene transfer cause for evolutionary biologists?

It can make reconstruction of phylogenetic trees difficult because it can obscure phylogenetic relationships.

It can cause physiological problems in some organisms, making it hard to study them.

It can make breeding between different individuals of the same species difficult.

Because it is transfer of genes between the same species, it can make individuals look more similar than they actually are.

All of the above

Which statement best describes the maximum parsimony approach to the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees?

A pathway is constructed that requires the minimum number of changes to arrive at the modern species from a common ancestor.

The tree is based on relationships that show the maximum probability of obtaining a set of characteristics.

Relationships on the tree are based on overall similarity between species.

Branches on the tree are constructed from the predicted date of speciation, measured in millions of years.

The best phylogeny is selected by comparing models representing random mutation and adaptive radiation.

ambermouse112

1)Imagine we want to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships among a set of species, or among a set of populations of the same species. Would we use a single marker, or multiple markers, to construct our phylogeny? Explain why.

2)What is the difference between a gene sequence and a genome-wide SNP array? Describe how each might be used to address questions.

BIOL 121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Species, Phyle, Paraphyly

BIOL 121 Full Course Notes

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