PSY-1200 Chapter Notes -Cognitive Science, Naturalistic Observation, Alternative Hypothesis

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12 May 2022
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Science: a method for learning about reality through systematic observation and experimentation. Objectivity: conclusions are based on facts, without in uence from personal emotions or biases. Relies on systematic observation (not hit-or-miss) and observable, repeatable evidence. Con rmation bias: the tendency to notice and remember instances that support your beliefs more than instances that contradict them. Critical thinking: the ability to think clearly, rationally, and independently. Theory: a set of facts and relationships between facts that can explain and. What are the most reasonable conclusions? predict related phenomena. Hypothesis is not the same as prediction. Hypothesis: a proposed explanation for a situation; a type of inference, or an educated guess, based on prior evidence and logical possibilities. Can never say this is correct or true. Prediction: derived from hypothesis & de nes opportunities for seeing whether expected consequences of hypothesis are observed.

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