BIOLOGY 2C03 Chapter 1: Genetics Chapter 1
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Document Summary
What is genetics a sub-field of biology that investigates genotypic and phenotypic variations among organisms and how such variations are inherited. Play a critical role in understanding diseases. Guides biotechnology industry for drug design, development, & production. Gene a region of dna that helps determine a character. Allele one of two or more alternative forms of a gene. Locus specific place on a chromosome occupied by an allele. Genotype combination of alleles at one or more loci possessed by an individual organism. Heterozygote an individual organism possessing two different alleles at a locus (for diploid or higher ploidy organism) Homozygote an individual organism, possessing the same alleles at a locus. Phenotype or trait the appearance or manifestation of a character. Humans have been aware of genetics, via selective breeding for over 10000 years. Early breeding work included those of rice, maize, wheat, and domesticated animals for production and enhancement of desirable traits.
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These all relate to exceptions to the inheritance patterns encountered by Mendel.â
Why do multiple and lethal alleles often result in modifications of the classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios?
Select the four correct statements.
-When an essential gene is mutated, it can result in a lethal phenotype. There are no classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios. |
-In the case of codominance, heterozygotes produce gene products from both alleles of a gene. Classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios are modified by codominance. |
-In the case of incomplete dominance, the phenotype of the heterozygote is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of homozygous individuals. Classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios are modified by incomplete dominance. |
-Genes exist in a large number of allelic versions and a diploid organism has two homologous gene loci that may be occupied by different alleles of the same gene. This can result in many different phenotypes for traits, which may not follow typical Mendelian ratios. |
-When an essential gene is mutated, it can result in a lethal phenotype. This results in a modification of classic Mendelian ratios. |
-The phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of the homozygous genotypes. The joint expression of both alleles in a heterozygote is called codominance. There are no classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios. |
-Genes exist in a large number of allelic versions, but in a diploid organism, only one allele of the gene can occupy one homologous gene loci. Classic Mendelian inheritance cannot explain this phenomenon. |
-Each gene produces a unique gene product. The effect of one allele in a heterozygote completely masks the effect of the other. Classic Mendelian genetics cannot explain this phenomenon. |