BIOLOGY 2C03 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10: Giemsa Stain, Sister Chromatids, Aneuploidy
Document Summary
Molbio 2c03 chapter 10: genome structure abnormalities. Each chromosome has a distinct size, shape, and gene content. Variations in chromosome number and/or structure are important forces driving speciation. Chromosomal territory: large, gene-rich chromosomes: generally near the center, small, gene-poor chromosomes: near the periphery. Human autosomes: 1 to 22 (in descending order of size). Each chromosome: short arm: p are; long arm: q arm. Standard human chromosome banding patterns giemsa staining. Regions that contain actively expressed genes and are less condensed are called euchromatin (tend to be gc rich and stains lightly by giemsa) Regions that are tightly condensed and contain fewer expressed genes are called heterochromatin (tend to be ta rich and stains more heavily by giemsa) Nondisjunction is the failure of chromosomes and sister chromatids to properly separate during cell division: germline cell: mitosis i and/or ii, stomatic cell: mitosis. It can result in abnormalities in chromosome number: aneuploidy and polyploidy.
