BSC 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Scanning Electron Microscope, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Eyepiece

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nicoleh

1 Dec 2021

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Describe cells and what their structure and function is. The cell is a major unifying, evolutionary theme. All organisms are made of cells & come from cells. Carry out most of the functions necessary for life. Cytoplasm & other non-organelles are critical in eukaryotes . Prokaryotes can perform functions in a less complex cellular format. Robert hooke was the first to study cells, as well as using a microscope. Objective lenses with 4x, 10x, 40x, & 100x magnification. Electron microscopes uses a beam of electrons for illumination. Scanning electron microscopy (sem) involves scanning a surface using a beam of electrons. Transmission electron microscopy (tem) involves viewing thin slices of specimen, which allows the electrons to go through it easier. Describe the cell size & why it is small. Most cells are small to maximize the surface area/volume ratio. When cells are small, the cell membrane is able to control the constituents of life found within the cell.

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LAB MODULE: BASIC MICROSCOPY â STUDY HELP

The information in this document is helpful in preparing for the Basic Microscopy Pre-Lab Quiz on Canvas and the Basic Microscopy quiz on Late Nite Labs.

Instructions:

â¢ Go to your Late Nite Labs course site and click on the Basic Microscopy link. The lab manual content will appear on the right side of the screen.

â¢ PRINT and READ all of the information found in the Basic Microscopy lab manual.

â¢ Use the information to answer the following questions.

Questions

â¢ Fill in the remainder of the chart.

Objective Lens	Objective Magnification	Ocular Magnification	Total Magnification
Scanning	4X	10X	40X
Low Power	10X	10X
High Power	40X	10X
Oil Immersion	100X	10X

â¢ Do all organisms consist of more than one cell?

â¢ What is the structural and functional unit of living things? In other words, what is considered the basic building block of LIFE?

â¢ What three structures are found in the cells of ALL organisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic? You may have to look at the pictures of the cells in the Basic Microscopy lab manual content to find all three structures. Note: plasma membrane = cell membrane

â¢ List the major differences in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? Include the location of genetic material in a eukaryotic versus prokaryotic cell.

â¢ List the organelles found in a eukaryotic cell that are not found in a prokaryotic cell. You may have to look at the pictures of the cells in the Basic Microscopy lab manual content to find all of these.

â¢ In eukaryotic cells, genetic information is found in the form of DNA. Is this true for prokaryotic cells?

â¢ Are flagella and cell walls unique to eukaryotes? Why or why not?

â¢ The __________is the part of a cell that allows the movement of substances into and out of the cell and protects the cell from its environment.

â¢ The__________is a substance that contains all of the dissolved and suspended ions and other molecules needed to keep the cell alive.

â¢ A__________is an organelle that serves as the site of photosynthesis in a eukaryotic cell.

â¢ Some organisms have cells that contain a__________that gives the cell a more structured shape and strengthens the cell by osmotic pressure.

â¢ Describe dark field microscopy.

â¢ Describe phase contrast microscopy.

â¢ Why do scientists use dark field microscopy and phase contrast microscopy when studying prokaryotic cells?

â¢ How does phase contrast microscopy help scientists visualize difficult specimens?

â¢ Fill in the remainder of the chart. The organisms studied during this lab are: Amoeba, Spirogyra, cardiac muscle, and bacteria.

Structure	Function	Organisms Studied
Plasma Membrane		Amoeba, Spirogyra, cardiac muscle, and bacteria
Cytoplasm
Nucleus	Contains the genetic material of a eukaryotic cell
Chloroplast		Spirogyra
Cell wall

1. What do you think the cell structure that Robert Hooke observed under his

microscope was? What part of the plant cell was this?

2. List the organelles not present in prokaryotic cells.

3. We know that in eukaryotic cells, metabolic activity and synthesis happened

in membrane bound organelles. Does this mean prokaryotic cells do not

have metabolic activity? Explain your answer and state where you think this

process might occur in a prokaryotic cell.

4. There were no chloroplast in the onion cell preparation, yet onions are

plants. Explain why.

5. List three similarities and three differences between plant and animal cells

that you observed today.

1. briefly describe the principles, advantages, and limitations of the light microscope, transmission electron microscope, and scanning electron microscope.
2. briefly explain why cell fractionation is a useful technique.
3. distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
4. explain why there are both upper and lower limits to cell size.
5 describe the structure and function of the nuclear envelope, including the role of the pore complex.
6. briefly explain how the nucleus controls protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
7. explain the role of the nucleolus in protein synthesis.
8. distinguish between free and bound ribosomes in terms of location and function.
9. list the components of the endomembrane system, and describe the structure and function of each component.

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BSC 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Scanning Electron Microscope, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Eyepiece

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