PSYCH 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Scientific Method, Observer-Expectancy Effect, Blind Experiment
15 Sep 2016
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Document Summary
Two types- sampling bias and expectancy bias. Sampling: problem with the sample; you don"t know how people will answer or if their answer reflects their true beliefs or characteristics. Ex:) testing drugs advertised for both genders on only males) Eliminating sampling bias: using several different samples to avoid bias. Random sampling: find random collection of samples to diversify results of sample. Representative populations: high response rates increase confidence about representativeness (this is why people give incentives for their participation) Expectancy: subconscious influence that a researcher can have on the subjects of a research study. Effects: when the person collecting the data is aware of the research hypothesis and the experimental condition in which subjects are placed, data collection can be biased. Subjects will attempt to understand the research they"re involved in- developing their own hypothesis and subconsciously influencing results. Double blind testing- controlling both observer and participant expectancy to avoid either party"s psychological interferences while being involved in study.
