PSYCH 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
24 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Introduction to Developmental Psychology
Please familiarize yourself with the theories and developmental
stages of the following persons as discussed in your textbook,
along with relevant criticisms:
–Jean Piaget (4 stages of Cognitive Development)
●period in early development called sensory motor
period where children develop a mental capacity for
recognizing “object permanence”
○object permanence developed around 8 months
of age
–Lawrence Kohlberg (3 levels of Moral Development)
–Eric Erickson (8 stages of Psychosocial Development)
Developmental Psychology Defined:
the study of the influence of maturation “biological unfolding,
preprogrammed, genetic, something rising within; need experience
to have maturation” and experience “learning” on the emergence
and activation of multiple psychological processes across distinct
developmental periods
The Developmental Periods:
Prenatal
Infancy - one of the first important psychological challenges the
child has is to develop a sense of trust in the world “trust vs.
mistrust”
●Trusting people are more likable
●People who don’t trust others are paranoid, fear, judgement
Childhood -
Adolescence
Early Adulthood
Middle Adulthood
Late Adulthood - “ego-integrity vs. despair” ego-integrity is ready
for death, happy with what has happened; despair is the opposite
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
The Psychological Processes:
at each level of age, developmental psychologists study multiple
psychological processes as they relate to the adaptation of persons
in their particular environments
– (e.g., behavior-genetic, physiological, sensory-perceptual,
memory and learning, emotional, moral development, thought,
language, judgment, problem-solving, personality, psychopathology)
One Big Idea in Development:
Nature Vs. Nurture
(both are important)
(Biology Vs. Environment; Maturation Vs. Experience)
one frame on these questions: genotypes, phenotypes, and
heritability estimation
Genotype: Nature (and Biology/Maturation)
Genotypes are given constitutionally at moment of conception:
Our genotype is our genetic totality, the biological “blueprint” that
“unfolds.” We cannot observe it directly.
Phenotype: Nature + Nurture
Phenotypes are the product of, or interaction between,
genotypes and experience/environment: they are the observable
characteristics of the organism
Heritability refers to a statistical “estimate” of what proportion of
the variation in a trait (e.g., “IQ”, “neuroticism”, “shyness”,
“narcissism”, “aggressiveness”, etc) in a population can be
accounted for by underlying genetic differences between
individuals
–Estimates of heritability are derived from twin, adoption, and
family behavior-genetic studies
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
–Heritability estimates of personality characteristics, e.g., show
that around 50% of the differences between individuals on a variety of
important characteristics (aggression, intelligence, friendliness,
emotional stability, etc etc) can be attributed to genetic differences
between persons. Any variable that you wanna look at, how much
variation between individuals is due to genetic forces as due to
environmental forces? - Heritability Estimate
Biological Development: Prenatal
Conception results in formation of the zygote, and marks the
beginning of genetic identity
The zygote’s DNA determines many of our physical/mental
structures, which sets the stage for future physical and
psychological developments
Prenatal Development has 3 stages:
1) germinal stage (from conception until the zygote attaches to
uterine wall, around 10-days to two weeks later)
-begins to drift towards uterus and has not attached to uterus wall
2) embryonic stage (weeks 3 through 8: parts of body form, organs
begin function, testosterone secreted in males; @ 8 weeks = 1 inch
long)
-attaches to uterus
-body parts become distinguished from each other
-testosterone secreted in males
-testosterone inhibits development of left side of the brain
3) fetal stage (from 2 months until birth)
-finish developing and are born
Teratogens in Prenatal Development
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Please familiarize yourself with the theories and developmental stages of the following persons as discussed in your textbook, along with relevant criticisms: Period in early development called sensory motor period where children develop a mental capacity for recognizing object permanence . Object permanence developed around 8 months of age. Developmental psychology defined: the study of the influence of maturation biological unfolding, preprogrammed, genetic, something rising within; need experience to have maturation and experience learning on the emergence and activation of multiple psychological processes across distinct developmental periods. Infancy - one of the first important psychological challenges the child has is to develop a sense of trust in the world trust vs. mistrust . People who don"t trust others are paranoid, fear, judgement. Late adulthood - ego-integrity vs. despair ego-integrity is ready for death, happy with what has happened; despair is the opposite. Nature vs. nurture (both are important) (biology vs.
