BIOL 2100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 36: Intron, Guanine, Peptide

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purpleox787

31 Oct 2016

School

University of Virginia

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 2100

Professor

Kittlesen, David

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Document Summary

Progeria = rapid aging resulting in a problem with transcription/translation. Only some genes are being expressed at any given moment. Gene expression requires transcription of the gene. Both replication and transcription synthesize nucleic acids. Transcription = synthesis of rna using dna as a template. Only certain regions are used as templates. One of the two strands is the template. A promoter starts the process of transcription. Sequence of dna that recruits rna polymerase. Dictates where rna polymerase binds to the strand, and sets the orientation to show which strand is the template strand. Sigma = protein that binds to the promoter. Transcription factors = proteins that bind to the dna that serve as recruiters for rna polymerase. Along the length of the dna, genes can use either strand for transcription. 3" cagtctatcagttac 5" - non-template (coding strand) Rna polymerase reads the strand from 3" to 5" but codes from 5" to 3". Prokaryotes have a sequence that acts a terminator.

Related Questions

During transcription in eukaryotes, a type of RNA polymerase called RNA polymerase II moves along the template strand of the DNA in the 3'â5' direction. However, for any given gene, either strand of the double-stranded DNA may function as the template strand. Which of the following initially determines which DNA strand is the template strand, and therefore in which direction RNA polymerase II moves along the DNA?

A. the location of specific proteins (transcription factors) that bind to the DNA

B. the specific sequence of bases along the DNA strands

C. the location along the chromosome where the double-stranded DNA unwinds

D. the position of the geneâs promoter on the chromosome

E. which of the two strands of DNA carries the RNA primer

1. A region of a chromosome contains two strands of DNA, yet only one is used to transcribe a gene because

A. all genes are found on the same strand of DNA in a chromosome.

B.both strands are transcribed, but only one strand of DNA contains a reading frame.

C.RNA polymerase binds to the terminator, stopping transcription on one strand of DNA.

D.RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, which precedes the gene only on the template strand of DNA.

E.the start of transcription is random along the chromosome and doesn't always occur on a gene.

2. In eukaryotes an mRNA molecule can only be translated by one ribosome at a time.

True or False

3.The process by which cells use the information of RNA molecules to make proteins is transcription.

True or False

Which type of RNA is unique to eukaryotes?

		mRNA
		rRNA
		tRNA
		snRNA
		Its a trick, all cells have all four types of RNA.

1 points

QUESTION 2

The region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription is the:

		origin
		promoter
		enhancer
		none of the above are correct

1 points

QUESTION 3

Holoenzyme:

		is RNA polymerase core enzyme.
		is sigma factor.
		is core plus sigma factor.
		none of the above are correct.

1 points

QUESTION 4

Which of these is formed FIRST when RNA polymerase binds to a promoter?

		The closed promoter complex
		The open promoter complex
		A rho-independent terminator
		none of the above are correct.

1 points

QUESTION 5

A hairpin loop followed by a run of Us:

		is the sequence formed in the sense strand of a gene using a rho-independent terminator.
		is the sequence recognized by the rho protein.
		is the structure formed in RNA that causes rho-independent termination.
		is formed immediately after the open promoter complex is formed.

1 points

QUESTION 6

RNA polymerase:

		reads the template strand of the DNA in the 3' to 5' direction.
		synthesizes the RNA in the 5' to 3' direction.
		can begin transcription without a primer.
		all of the above are correct.

1 points

QUESTION 7

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

		Bacteria like E. coli have only one type of sigma factor.
		RNA polymerase has no proofreading activity.
		The promoter of a gene is upstream of the RNA-coding region.
		Bacterial transcriptional terminators are copied into RNA to cause termination.

1 points

QUESTION 8

If the template strand of a gene has the sequence 5' ATGCGAT 3', then:

		the RNA produced will have the sequence 5' AUGCGAU 3'.
		the RNA produced will have the sequence 5' UAGCGUA 3'.
		the RNA produced will have the sequence 5' AUCGCAU 3'.
		None of the above are correct.

1 points

QUESTION 9

The sense strand:

		is the lagging strand
		is also the template strand.
		always goes left to right.
		none of the above are correct.

1 points

QUESTION 10

Which of these is transcribed but not translated?

		mRNA
		tRNA
		rRNA
		all of the above
		tRNA and rRNA are transcribed but not translated.

please help i am a bit confused

BIOL 2100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 36: Intron, Guanine, Peptide

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