CH 301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Antibonding Molecular Orbital, Nitrite, Trigonal Planar Molecular Geometry

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Regions of electron density can be bonding or non-bonding. Electrons in a covalent bond between two atoms are countered as one region regardless of whether it is a single, double, or triple bond. Non-bonding regions are counted by counting the number of lone pairs on the central atom. Dipoles created by these bonds must not cancel out as a result of the symmetry of the molecule. Water has a (cid:374)et dipole (cid:271)ut (cid:272)ar(cid:271)o(cid:374) dio(cid:454)ide does(cid:374)"t e(cid:448)e(cid:374) though the(cid:455) (cid:271)oth ha(cid:448)e polar covalent bonds. S-orbit can make sigma bond with one p orbit. P-orbits can make 1 sigma bond and two pi bonds with other p-orbits. Hybridization s+p=sp(2 sp orbitals) single bond sigma. Uses all the electrons in an atom, not just valence. (cid:449)he(cid:374) mo e(cid:374)erg(cid:455) is lo(cid:449)er tha(cid:374) the ao e(cid:374)erg(cid:455), (cid:449)e"re (cid:272)o(cid:373)pari(cid:374)g the ao e(cid:374)erg(cid:455) to the (cid:373)ole(cid:272)ule can be used to fine bond length, bond angles, bond strengths at its lowest energy position (minimum energy distance)

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