ANT 301 Lecture 3: Anthropology Review
Document Summary
Microevolution- how populations change under the influence of natural selection and other evolutionary forces. Mechanisms: natural selection, genetic drift, mutation- ex: diffrent size beaks of a group of finches. Macroevolution- new species and higher taxa are created, plays important role in human evolution. Difference in scale not process macroevolution= many generations of microevolution. Species can usually be distinguished by their behavior and morphology. A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring. Are reproductively isolated from other species originate through phyletic evolution (anagenesis) Parapatric: mix between sympatric and allopatric speciation; species that are closer together interbreed but those on the ends of the geographic range do not. Rapid speciation vs. small changes; changes how the fossil record is viewed. Study of evolutionary relationships; show which organism share ancestors. Traits that are homologous come from the same ancestor; homoplasy describes traits that evolved independently in 2 different groups b/c they inhibit in the same niche; parallelism, convergence, evolutionary reversal.
