BIOL 240 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Ecosystem Ecology, Landscape Ecology, Population Ecology

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azuremole431

16 Nov 2018

School

University of San Diego

Department

Biology Courses

Course

BIOL 240

Professor

Lisa Baird

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Document Summary

Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the living and nonliving components of their environment. These interactions determine the distribution of organisms and their abundance. Interactions studied by ecologists can be organized in a hierarchy that ranges from individual organisms to the planet. Includes physiological, evolutionary and behavioral ecology meet environmental challenges. Studies how an organism"s structure, physiology, and (for animals) behavior. Is a group of individuals of the same species living in an area. Focuses on factors affecting population size over time. Is a group of populations of different species in an area. Examines the effect of interspecific interactions on community structure and. Is the community of organisms in an area and the physical factors with which they. Emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling between organisms and the. (or seascape) is a mosaic of connected ecosystems. Focuses on the exchanges of energy, materials, and organisms across multiple.

Related Questions

Shawnta used several terms in her post that I want to be sure everyone understands. Ecology is studied with a hierarchy, similar to the hierarchy of classification. The lowest level is the individual. A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area is called a population. All of the different populations that live in the same area make up a community. So far we have only been talking about the living organisms. When you add in the non-living components of an area you have an ecosystem. The living parts of an ecosystem are called the biotic components and the non-living parts are called the abiotic components.
What are some of the abiotic components that affect what can live in an ecosystem?

mauvewhale457

It's a quiz for my life science class.

QUESTION 1

Organisms that have descended from the same initial group and have the ability to interbreed belong to the same

	A.	species.
	B.	family.
	C.	class.
	D.	genus.
	E.	order.

5 points

QUESTION 2

The simplest entity that exhibits all of the properties of life is called a(n)

	A.	molecule.
	B.	cell.
	C.	organism.
	D.	tissue.

5 points

QUESTION 3

In populations, adaptation usually arises through

	A.	responsiveness.
	B.	heredity.
	C.	metabolism.
	D.	natural selection.
	E.	development.

5 points

QUESTION 4

Scientists have found that ancient fossils

	A.	are less similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	B.	are just as similar to present-day organisms as more recent fossils.
	C.	are more similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	D.	are very similar to present-day organisms.
	E.	bear no resemblance to present-day organisms.

5 points

QUESTION 5

What is the term that describes the study of the relationship between living things and components of their environment?

	A.	herpetology
	B.	analogy
	C.	zoology
	D.	ecology
	E.	ichnology

5 points

QUESTION 6

Characteristics usually associated with life include all of the following except:

	A.	motility.
	B.	a high degree of organization.
	C.	lack of change from generation to generation.
	D.	reproduction.
	E.	responsiveness to stimuli.

5 points

QUESTION 7

The scientific name for the black-footed ferret is Mustela nigripes. The name Mustela indicates the _____________________ to which the organisms belongs.

	A.	phylum
	B.	class
	C.	family
	D.	species
	E.	genus

5 points

QUESTION 8

Which of the following is considered to be the most basic living unit?

	A.	organ system
	B.	molecule
	C.	organelle
	D.	cell
	E.	tissue

5 points

QUESTION 9

Which of the following concepts best describes the wide variety of dog species we observe, ranging from the domesticated golden retriever or the basset hound, to the wild dogs of Africa, to foxes?

	A.	preadaptation
	B.	special creation
	C.	inheritance of acquired characteristics.
	D.	taxonomy
	E.	evolution

5 points

QUESTION 10

If an ecologist is studying the cycling of carbon through a particular environment (which involes the movement of carbon through living things as well as through rock, air, and water), the scientist is studying at what level of ecology?

	A.	organismal
	B.	community
	C.	ecosystem
	D.	population
	E.	biosphere

5 points

QUESTION 11

Which list is organized from smallest to largest level of organization of life?

	A.	organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles
	B.	organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
	C.	organelles, tissues, cells, organ systems, organs, organisms
	D.	tissues, cells, organelles, organs, organ systems, organisms
	E.	cells, tissues, organ systems, organelles, organs, organisms

5 points

QUESTION 12

When examining the hierarchy of life, which of the following terms is most inclusive?

	A.	biosphere
	B.	population
	C.	species
	D.	ecosystem

5 points

QUESTION 13

The units of inheritance are

	A.	evolutions.
	B.	heredities.
	C.	genes
	D.	twins.
	E.	metabolic activities.

5 points

QUESTION 14

Organisms that undergo asexual reproduction

	A.	require another organism to reproduce.
	B.	are usually very complex.
	C.	produce offspring that are different from each other.
	D.	do not require energy to reproduce.
	E.	produce offspring that are identical to each other and to the parent.

5 points

QUESTION 15

All the living organisms in a particular area at a particular time make up a

	A.	biosphere.
	B.	community.
	C.	biosystem.
	D.	population.
	E.	ecosystem.

5 points

QUESTION 16

The first step in the scientific method is to

	A.	identify a problem.
	B.	predict the results of an experiment.
	C.	propose a solution.
	D.	draw a conclusion.
	E.	perform an experiment.

5 points

QUESTION 17

Young multicelled organisms usually start out small, then grow in size, and increase in complexity. This process is called:

	A.	heredity.
	B.	metabolism.
	C.	development.
	D.	evolution.
	E.	heredity.

5 points

QUESTION 18

To maintain order within their cells and organs, all living things must

	A.	carry on metabolism.
	B.	reproduce.
	C.	constantly change.
	D.	be able to move.
	E.	extract energy from sunlight.

5 points

QUESTION 19

Which of the following includes Highest levels of hierarchy?

	A.	family
	B.	phylum
	C.	domain
	D.	kingdom
	E.	order

5 points

QUESTION 20

Fungi are classified into which domain?

	A.	Archaea
	B.	Eukarya
	C.	Bacteria
	D.	Fungi

erinhare264

Food web studies have come a long way since the early 1900s when ecologists began developing these tools to understand species interactions and ecosystem level processes (2-5). From that point forward, food web ecology grew rapidly developing into its own sophisticated, technical sub-discipline of ecology (2-5). Tools involved in tracking species interactions, as well as the quantitative tools to analyze food webs, improved and diversified (6-11). These technological innovations were accompanied by the construction of several high quality food webs from diverse biomes (7). The wide diversity of food webs provided the opportunity to explore some of the fundamental properties pertaining to the structure and function of ecosystems (7). However, there is still much about food webs that remains unexplored, particularly investigations of understudied taxonomic groups like the parasites that are typically not included or aggregated in food webs (12-17). Here you have the opportunity to investigate a food web of your choice and explore some of the implications related to food web construction and analysis.

Conduct a literature search and find a peer-reviewed scientific article describing an original, empirical food web and answer the following questions.

Questions

What biome and scale does the food web represent? For example, was it a lake, a pond, a desert? How was the extent of the food web determined? Was it based on the physical characteristics, biological community or arbitrarily by the researchers based on their specific question?

What taxonomic groups were included in the food web? What level of taxonomic identification (species, family, order, etc.) was used for those groups? Was it the same for all or did it vary?

What groups were excluded or aggregated in the food web? What are some of the characteristics of these groups? How might the characteristics of these organisms contribute to this issue?

How did the researchers determine the types of interactions taking place in their food web? What general approaches were used and how did this differ among taxonomic groups?

Overall, how might excluding or aggregating different groups have influenced the results of the study? How might the researchers address these issues?

jademammoth752

BIOL 240 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Ecosystem Ecology, Landscape Ecology, Population Ecology

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