CMB 311 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Atp Hydrolysis, Deoxycytidine Triphosphate, Thymidine Triphosphate
26 Jan 2019
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● Central Dogma
○ DNA(DNA Replication) → transcription → RNA(RNA Replication) → Translation
→ Protein
● Macromolecular Synthesis
○
Precursors
Macromolecules
Deoxynucleoside Triphosphates =
dNTPs (dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP)
DNA
Nucleoside Triphosphates = NTPs
(ATP, CTP, GTP, UTP)
RNA
Amino Acids
Proteins
○ Key Concepts
■ DNA, RNA and Protein polymerization are processive
■ Polymerization is template-dependent
● Use nucleic acid as template
■ Polymerization requires discrimination among multiple substrates
● Substrates; dNTPs, NTPs, aminoacyl-tRNAs
● High energy phosphate bonds
○ Adenosine Triphosphate = ATP
■ Energy source in metabolism + protein synthesis
■ Precursor to RNA synthesis
○ Guanosine Triphosphate = GTP
■ Energy source in protein synthesis
■ Precursor to RNA synthesis
● ATP Hydrolysis
○ ATP releases a lot of energy using Mg2+
○ ATP hydrolysis decreases electrostatic repulsion
● Substrate Selection
○ DNA, RNA and protein synthesis are all guided by a template
■ DNA is the template for DNA Synthesis
■ DNA is the template for RNA Synthesis
■ RNA is the template for protein synthesis
○ All 3 rely on Watson-Crick base pairing between substrate and template
■ DNA synthesis relies on base pairing between dNTP substrate and the
DNA Template
■ RNA synthesis relied on base pairing between NTP substrate and the
DNA template
■ Protein synthesis relies on base pairing between tRNA substrate and
mRNA template
○ All 3 polymerases accept or reject substrates after sensing the geometry of base
pairing between substrate and template.
● Watson-Crick Base Pairs
Document Summary
Dna(dna replication) transcription rna(rna replication) translation. Deoxynucleoside triphosphates = dntps (datp, dctp, dgtp, dttp) Nucleoside triphosphates = ntps (atp, ctp, gtp, utp) Dna, rna and protein polymerization are processive. Energy source in metabolism + protein synthesis. Atp releases a lot of energy using mg2+ Dna, rna and protein synthesis are all guided by a template. Dna is the template for dna synthesis. Dna is the template for rna synthesis. Rna is the template for protein synthesis. All 3 rely on watson-crick base pairing between substrate and template. Dna synthesis relies on base pairing between dntp substrate and the. Rna synthesis relied on base pairing between ntp substrate and the. Protein synthesis relies on base pairing between trna substrate and mrna template. All 3 polymerases accept or reject substrates after sensing the geometry of base pairing between substrate and template. Offspring from parent half different, half same as parent. Each daughter molecule contains one template strand and one newly synthesized strand.
