BPS 432 Lecture Notes - Lecture 40: Μ-Opioid Receptor, Nmda Receptor Antagonist, Opioid Receptor
Document Summary
During injury, first (fast) and second (slow) pain responses based on axon diameter. Local anesthetics i. e. lidocaine blocks intracellular side of vasc: perception: integration of all nociceptive impulses and interpretation. Brain structures involved: reticular formation, thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, cerebral cortex. Opioids, alpha 2 agonists or distraction, relaxation, behavioral: modulation. Descending inhibition: nervous impulses travel down the spinal cord and release serotonin, ne, and endogenous opioids, which reduce the nociceptive transmissions/pain. Nociceptive: arises from nerve terminals responsibly fro nonciception, firing appropriately due to injury or inflammation of a body structure. Non-nociceptive: die to pathological functioning of the nervous system. Neuropathic: source of pain is injury of irritation to peripheral nerves. Central: pain associated with cns disease; damage to the spinothalamocortical tract or abnormal alternation of the central pain receiving circuit. Presynaptically: inhibit voltage gated ca channels less release of glutamate. Post-synaptically: activate voltage gated k channels hyperpolarize post-synaptic membrane less likely to generate an action potential.