CHEM 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Creative Commons License, Openstax, Carbonation

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ochreclam267

5 Nov 2018

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Matter is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass, and it is all around us. Solids and liquids are more obviously matter: we can see that they take up space, and their weight tells us that they have mass. Gases are also matter; if gases did not take up space, a balloon would stay collapsed rather than inflate when filled with gas. Solids, liquids, and gases are the three states of matter commonly found on earth. A solid is rigid and possesses a definite shape. A liquid flows and takes the shape of a container, except that it forms a flat or slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity. Both liquid and solid samples have volumes that are very nearly independent of pressure. A gas takes both the shape and volume of its container (figure1. 1). Some samples of matter appear to have properties of solids, liquids, and/or gases at the same time.

Related Questions

How do solids, liquids, and gases differ?

a. in solid matter, atoms or molecules pack dose to each other in fixed locations; in gases, atoms or molecules pack about as closely as they do in solid matter, but they are free to move; in liquid matter, atoms or molecules have a lot of space between them and are free to move

b. in solid matter, atoms or molecu es pack dose to each other but, they are free to move; in liquid matter, atoms or molecules pack about as closely as they do in solid matter, they are also free to move; in gaseous matter, atoms or molecules have a lot of space between them and are free to move relative to one another

c. a solid has a fixed volume and rigid shape; gases assume the shape of their container; liquids always assume the shape and volume of their container

d. a solid has a fixed volume and rigid shape; liquids assume the shape of their container; gases always assume the shape and volume of their container

salmongoat119

To understand the kinetic molecular descriptions of solids, liquids, and gases.

The following table gives information about the behavior of molecules in solids, liquids, and gases.

	Solid	Liquid	Gas
Density	high	high	low
Molecular movement (with respect to one another)	minimally	slow	fast
Compressibility and thermal expansion	fixed volume	fixed volume	variable volume
Do they expand to fill their container?	no	no	yes
Do they take the shape of their container?	no	yes	yes

Part B

Consider equal volumes (say 1 L) of a given substance in the solid, liquid, and gas phases. Arrange them in order of decreasing mass based on the trend for the average substance. If the mass difference between samples is relatively small (10%or less), rank the items as equivalent.

Rank from greatest to least mass. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

1L of substance in the solid phase, 1L of substance in the liquid phase, 1L of substance in the gas phase

Greatest Mass Least Mass

Part C

Match each description to the appropriate phase of matter.

A substance with a fixed volume and fixed shape

A substance with no fixed volume or shape

A substance with a fixed volume and no fixed shape

Solid Liquid Gas

CHEM 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Creative Commons License, Openstax, Carbonation

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