BSC2085C Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System
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18 Apr 2020
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The nervous system: master control center of the body, cells communicate via electric and chemical signals, usually cause immediate responses, rapid and specific. Histology of the nervous system: less than 20% of the nervous system is space. Make roughly a half a cup a day: oligodendrocytes (cns, branched cells, wraps cns nerve fibers, formatting myelin sheaths thicker nerve fibers, they make the myelin sheath. Neurons: structural unit of the nervous system, extreme longevity. Amitotic, neurons do not replace themselves: high metabolic rate so they need a high amount of oxygen and glucose. Schwann cell: in motor neurons, create long distance action potentials, receptive region of neuron. Axon: one axon per cell rising from the axon hillock, long axons are called nerve fibers, distal endings are the axon terminal, conducting region of the neuron, motor output center going out, bigger axons send faster signals. Myelin sheath: whitish- protein lipid covering, protects bundled neurons, increase speed of nerve impulse.
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