POLI 130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Abdul Rashid Dostum, Buzkashi, Pashtunistan
22 Apr 2016
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Document Summary
Socio-ethnic diversity- tajiks, pashtun, uzbeks, etc each with their own divides. Each ethnic groups had their leaders, the pashtun one being karzai, who was the first president. Each figure (other than karzai) were military leaders. 1947: british withdraw from india, pakistan carved out of indian and afghan land. 1973: king zahir shah is overthrown while abroad. 1978: communist coup, bloody, violent, mujahideen movement born. War leads to: 6. 4mil refugees, 40-50k soviet deaths, mujahideen growth in refugee camps, pakistan and us support for anti-soviet forces. 1992: mujahideen (freedom fighters) take kabul from remaining puppet regime. 1994: taliban formed- move against rabbani govt, dostum and hekmatyar attack kabul. Northern alliance backed by us and uk troops. Rationale: weak center, strong regions, advantage the center. Problems: highly majoritarian, lack of parties, no decentralization. Ishmail khan (tajik), marshall fahim (tajik), rashid dostum (uzbek) Private armies, corruption and control, clientelism (vote-buying), clan loyalty, anti-us warlords.
