HIST 135 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Chalcolithic, Overgrazing, Religious Text
Document Summary
Lecture 2: harappan civilization or the indus valley civilization (2600-1800 bce) Brahmin priests: during rituals, brahmin priests were speaking in sanskrit and all of a sudden began chanting in an unknown language. Beginnings: 1786-1921 pre-e(cid:373)i(cid:374)e(cid:374)t theory (cid:449)as (cid:862)arya(cid:374) i(cid:374)(cid:448)asio(cid:374)s(cid:863, 1921 discovery of harappan civilization. What are the sources: archaeology, contextualization with contemporary civilizations. When: c. 2600 bce to c. 1800 bce, antecedents in pakistan from c. 6500 bce, one of the 3 earliest civilizations, others being egypt and mesopotamia. Harappan chronology: 2800-2600 bce early harrapan (formative period, 2600-1900 bce mature harrapan (urban centres, crafts and trade of the civilisation flourished, 1900 - 1700 bce late harrapan. Unique features: brick baked buildings and architectural skills, standardized weights systems, long distance oversees trade, unparalleled scale of water harnessing. Civilization: a stage of economic and social advancement of a society, 1. Socially emergence of a class society: tribal society is based on economy.
