PSY 3061 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Signal Transduction, Channelrhodopsin, Optogenetics
Document Summary
Learning abroad center: study abroad program (psychology) Optogenetic control: method of controlling activity of specific cells by expressing light activated ion channels through those cells. Light as specific frequency that serves as ligand for specific channels: can activate or inhibit. Channelrhodopsin: blue light, positive sodium ions influx, causes depolarization of cell, activates cell, action potential. Harlorhodopsin: activated by yellow light, negative ions influx, chlorine. Invasive and non-invasive: electrodes on surface of skull, non-invasive, electrodes on surface of brain. Invasive: better spatial resolution, better idea of where signal is coming from. Neurotransmitters can bind ionotropic or metabotropic receptors: protein molecule. Ionotropic: ligand binds to receptor and binding causes opening of channel pore, allows influx or efflux of ions, transmembrane domains, essential for binding of ligand, contains ligand binding site. Ionotropic receptors: fast transmission: achieve effects within one millisecond by opening ligand gated ion-channels, receptor and ion channels are single molecule.
