PSYCH 241 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Working Memory, Cognitive Development
• Defining and Measuring Intelligence
o One of the first real life applications of developmental theories in the early 20th century
(Binet)
o IQ becomes more stable around age 6 and predicts school performance fairly well
o IQ tests provide a general score that represents general intelligence and reasoning ability, as
well as separate factors (Verbal/Visual-Spatial/ General Knowledge,etc)
o But not all types of intelligence are measured on current tests
• Types of Tests
1. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales
i. Age 2 to adulthood
2. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
i. Ages 6 to 16
• Both measure:
• General knowledge
• Reasoning
• Visual-spatial processing
• Working memory
• Processing speed
• Theory of Mind :Perspective Taking
• In middle childhood, major advances in perspective taking support:
• Self concept
• Self esteem
• Understanding of others
• Increasing social skills
• Both adults' and peers' explanations of their viewpoints contribute to children's perspective
taking
• Self Concept in Middle Childhood
• More refined self-concept
• Social comparisons
• Emphasizes competencies, both positive and negative
• Cognitive development affects the structure of self-concept
• Perspective taking
• Social and cultural development affect content of self-concept
• Self Esteem in Mid-elementary years
• General Self Esteem
• Academic Competence
• Language Arts
• Math
• Other school subjects
• Social Competence
• Relationship with peers
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