EHS 260 Lecture Notes - Lecture 33: Prostate Cancer, Relative Risk, Endometrium
18 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Prostate Cancer
The main risk factors for prostate cancer are: age, race and family history – all non-modifiable.
However, because rates of this cancer increase among migrants who move from areas of low
incidence to areas of high incidence, lifestyle factors are also implicated.
Physical Activity and Other Cancers
In addition to breast and colon cancer, the associations of PA with several other common
cancers have been investigated.
◦These include cancers of the prostate, endometrium, ovary, lung and pancreas.
◦Of these, the most extensive body of evidence is available for prostate cancer.
Prostate Cancer and PA
Several epidemiological studies on PA and prostate cancer are available, almost all from
developed countries.
◦The median relative risk (RR) across all studies, comparing most active men with the
least active, is 0.9.
◦Around one-quarter of studies found no association and several have found an
increased risk in physically active men.
◦Thus, studies are inconsistent in their findings and. If there is a reduction in risk, it is
probably modest.
◦These conclusions also hold if only the studies with the best measures of activity are
considered.
◦One explanation could be confounding due to HIGHER levels of screening for early
detection of prostate cancer among physically active, more health-conscious men.
Lung Cancer and PA
Not as many studies investigating the role of PA
A majority of approximately 20 studies of lung cancer have found a significantly reduced risk of
lung cancer in men with the highest activity levels, and four studies found evidence for a dose-
response relationship.
◦It is therefore possible that PA is linked to a reduced risk of lung cancer.
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Document Summary
The main risk factors for prostate cancer are: age, race and family history all non-modifiable. However, because rates of this cancer increase among migrants who move from areas of low incidence to areas of high incidence, lifestyle factors are also implicated. In addition to breast and colon cancer, the associations of pa with several other common cancers have been investigated. These include cancers of the prostate, endometrium, ovary, lung and pancreas: of these, the most extensive body of evidence is available for prostate cancer. Several epidemiological studies on pa and prostate cancer are available, almost all from developed countries. The median relative risk (rr) across all studies, comparing most active men with the least active, is 0. 9. Around one-quarter of studies found no association and several have found an increased risk in physically active men. Thus, studies are inconsistent in their findings and. If there is a reduction in risk, it is probably modest.
