CHEM 111 Lecture 22: CHEM111 Class 22
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21 Dec 2015
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The third excited state n = 4, least tightly bound. Second excited state n = 3, all orbitals in same shell have the same energy: -2. 179 x 10-18 / n2 j. The first excited state n = 2 is only true for hydrogen. Ground state n =1 is the most tightly bound. Electrons in atoms exhibit magnetic properties (have a magnetic field) explained by the spin. The magnetic field only occurs in one of two directions; it is quantized. If all spins are paired, material is diamagnetic: slightly repelled by a strong magnet. Unpaired spins and not aligned, is paramagnetic: attracted by a magnet. Unpaired spins and aligned, is ferromagnetic: the material is a magnet. In multi-election atoms, the sub-shell energies are not the same. As n increases, the energy of any given type of orbital increases (as for h) For any given type of orbital increases s < p < d < f.
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