CHEM 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Zinc Sulfide, Joule, Intensive And Extensive Properties

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21 Dec 2015

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Zn(s) + s(s) zns (s) ----- h = -206 kj: this is an exothermic process. 2 zn(s) + 2 s(s) 2 zns(s) ----- h = -412: this is still an exothermic process, but the amount has increased by a scale of two (to accommodate for the number of moles presented) N2(g) + o2(g) 2no2(g) ----- h = +66. 36 kj: this is an endothermic process. 2 no2(g) n2(g) + 2 o2(g) ----- h = -66. 36 kj. All chemical reactions have an associated enthalpy change. H = +ve or ve number of kj. Enthalpy is an extensive variable, meaning that it depends on the amount of substance (directly proportional) When an equation is multiplied by a constant, the associated h is also. When the reactants and products in chemical equation are reversed, the is unchanged but the sign is changed (either positive or multiplied by that constant magnitude of h rxn negative) 4 hcl(g) + o2(g) 2 h2o(l) + 2 cl2(g) hrxn.

Related Questions

At constant pressure, the combustion of 10.0 g of C2Hg(g) releases 518 kJ of heat. What is AH for the reaction given below? 2 C2H6(g) +- 7 O2(g) rightarrow 4 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l). -779 kJ -1560 kJ -86.1 kJ -3120 kJ Use the information provided to determine Delta H degree r times n for the following reaction: CH4(g) + 3 Cl2(g) rightarrow CHCI3(I) + 3 HCI(g) Delta H degree r times n = ? -217 kJ -335 kJ +662 kJ +117 kJ -151 kJ Choose the reaction that illustrates Delta H degree f for NaHCO3. Na(s) + 2 H(g) + C(s) + 3 O(g) rightarrow NaHCO3 (s) Na(s) + H2(g) + C(s) + O2(g) rightarrow NaHCO3 (s) Na+(aq) + H2O (I) + CO2 (g) rightarrow NaHCO3 (s) Na(s) + 1/2 H2(g) + C(s) + 3/2 O2(g) rightarrow NaHCO3 (s) Na+(aq) + HCO3 -1 (aq) rightarrow NaHCO3 (s) Use the standard reaction enthalpies given below to determine Delta H degree r times n for the following reaction: 4 SO3(g) rightarrow 4 S(s) + 6 O2(g) Delta H degree r times n = ? Given: SO2(g) rightarrow S(s) + O2(g) Delta H degree r times m = +296.8 kJ 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) rightarow 2 SO3(g) Delta H degree r times n = -197.8 kJ -494.6 kJ -791.4 kJ 1583 kJ -293.0 kJ -692.4 kJ Which of the following statements is TRUE? State functions do not depend on the path taken to arrive at a particular state. Energy is neither created nor destroyed, excluding nuclear reactions. Delta Hr times r can be determined using constant pressure calorimetry. Delta H r times n can be determined using constant volume calorimetry. All of the above are true. How much energy is evolved during the formation of 98.7 g of Fe, according to the reaction below? Fe2O3(s) + 2 Al(s) rightarrow Al2O3(s) + 2 Fe(s) Delta H degree r times n = 852 kJ 01.51 times 103 kJ 241 kJ 0482 kJ 4.20 x 103 kJ 753 kJ Given w = 0, an endothermic reaction has the following. - Delta H and + Delta E Delta H and -Delta E - Delta H and -Delta E + Delta H and +Delta E Which of the following substances (with specific heat capacity provided) would show the greatest temperature change upon absorbing 100.0 J of heat? 10.0 g ethanol, Celharol = 2.42 J/g degree C 10.0 g Ag, CAg = 0.235 J/g degree C 10.0 g Au, CAu = 0.128 J/g degree C 10.0 g Fe, CFe = 0.449 J/g degree C 10.0 g H2O, CHO = 4.18J/g degree C Which of the following processes is endothermic? a hot cup of coffee (system) cools on a countertop the vaporization of rubbing alcohol the chemical reaction in a "hot pack" often used to treat sore muscles the freezing of water the combustion of propane

Show transcribed image text At constant pressure, the combustion of 10.0 g of C2Hg(g) releases 518 kJ of heat. What is AH for the reaction given below? 2 C2H6(g) +- 7 O2(g) rightarrow 4 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l). -779 kJ -1560 kJ -86.1 kJ -3120 kJ Use the information provided to determine Delta H degree r times n for the following reaction: CH4(g) + 3 Cl2(g) rightarrow CHCI3(I) + 3 HCI(g) Delta H degree r times n = ? -217 kJ -335 kJ +662 kJ +117 kJ -151 kJ Choose the reaction that illustrates Delta H degree f for NaHCO3. Na(s) + 2 H(g) + C(s) + 3 O(g) rightarrow NaHCO3 (s) Na(s) + H2(g) + C(s) + O2(g) rightarrow NaHCO3 (s) Na+(aq) + H2O (I) + CO2 (g) rightarrow NaHCO3 (s) Na(s) + 1/2 H2(g) + C(s) + 3/2 O2(g) rightarrow NaHCO3 (s) Na+(aq) + HCO3 -1 (aq) rightarrow NaHCO3 (s) Use the standard reaction enthalpies given below to determine Delta H degree r times n for the following reaction: 4 SO3(g) rightarrow 4 S(s) + 6 O2(g) Delta H degree r times n = ? Given: SO2(g) rightarrow S(s) + O2(g) Delta H degree r times m = +296.8 kJ 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) rightarow 2 SO3(g) Delta H degree r times n = -197.8 kJ -494.6 kJ -791.4 kJ 1583 kJ -293.0 kJ -692.4 kJ Which of the following statements is TRUE? State functions do not depend on the path taken to arrive at a particular state. Energy is neither created nor destroyed, excluding nuclear reactions. Delta Hr times r can be determined using constant pressure calorimetry. Delta H r times n can be determined using constant volume calorimetry. All of the above are true. How much energy is evolved during the formation of 98.7 g of Fe, according to the reaction below? Fe2O3(s) + 2 Al(s) rightarrow Al2O3(s) + 2 Fe(s) Delta H degree r times n = 852 kJ 01.51 times 103 kJ 241 kJ 0482 kJ 4.20 x 103 kJ 753 kJ Given w = 0, an endothermic reaction has the following. - Delta H and + Delta E Delta H and -Delta E - Delta H and -Delta E + Delta H and +Delta E Which of the following substances (with specific heat capacity provided) would show the greatest temperature change upon absorbing 100.0 J of heat? 10.0 g ethanol, Celharol = 2.42 J/g degree C 10.0 g Ag, CAg = 0.235 J/g degree C 10.0 g Au, CAu = 0.128 J/g degree C 10.0 g Fe, CFe = 0.449 J/g degree C 10.0 g H2O, CHO = 4.18J/g degree C Which of the following processes is endothermic? a hot cup of coffee (system) cools on a countertop the vaporization of rubbing alcohol the chemical reaction in a "hot pack" often used to treat sore muscles the freezing of water the combustion of propane

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Practice problems for exam 2 ______________

Useful Information:

h=6.626Ã10-34JÂ·s.; c=3.0Ã108 m/sec; E=hï® ; E= hc , ï¬ = h/mv; 1J = 1 kg-m2/s2 ï¬

mass of electron = 9.11 Ã 10-28 g, ïE= q + w ; 1 cal = 4.184 Joules Please Show all Work

1. Which of the following substances have standard heats of formation that are equal to zero by definition (circle your answers): H2(g), H(g), O3(g), H2O(s), H2O(l), Hg(l), Hg(s), Hg(g).

2. Limestone stalactites are formed in the reaction: Ca2+(aq) + HCO3-(aq) ï CaCO3(s) + CO2(g) +

H2O(l)
If one mole of CaCO3 is produced at 298 K under one atmosphere of pressure, the reaction performs 590 calories of expansion work, pushing back the atmosphere as CO2 is formed. At the same time, 9310 calories of heat are absorbed from the environment. What is ïE in Kcal/mole for CaCO3.

3. What is the minimum wavelength of light in AÌ (1 AÌ = 10-8 cm) needed to provide enough energy per quantum to rupture the chemical bond in hydrogen iodide (HI). The bond dissociation energy of HI is 71.4 Kcal/mole.

4. Sketch the shape and orientation of the following types of orbitals: s, px, dxy, dz2, dx2-y2

5. Give the values of (n) , (l) and (ml) for each orbital in the 4p subshell.

6. Write the complete electron configuration for the following: Ti 2+_____________________________________ Cr_______________________________________

N______________________________________

7. Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation ( ï Ho) for diamond from graphite [i.e. C (graphite) ï C (diamond)] given that:

C (graphite) + O2 ï CO2 (g) ( ï Ho = -393.5 KJ/mole) C (diamond)] + O2 ï CO2 (g) ( ï Ho = -395.4 KJ/mole)

If 1.0g of graphite is converted to diamond, what is the energy change? Is this an endothermic or exothermic reaction?

8. An 160 pound astronaut on his way to Mars is buzzing along at 10,000 miles per hour. (a) Express his weight in grams (one pound = 454 grams) so that you can calculate the astronautâs wavelength (1mile/hour = 44.7 cm/sec)

(b) Suppose the astronaut detects outside his spacecraft a proton (m=1.7 x 10-24 g) from a âsolar windâ moving at exactly the spacecraft velocity. What is the proton wavelength is in AÌ (1 AÌ = 10-8 cm.

9. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy each of the following subshells? a) 3d_________________ b) 1s____________________ c) 2p ____________________

10. Identify the element represented by the following electronic configuration.

a) [Ne] 3s2____________________

b) What is the electron configuration for the first excited state of this atom.______________

11. Determine the number of valence electrons for each element.
(a) Br___________ (b) Na _________ (c) Sn __________

12. 175 g of Fe at 15.0oC is mixed with 225 g of H2O at 95.0oC. What is the final temperature of the mixture? The specific heats of iron= 0.448 J/g oC and water = 4.184 J/g oC). (keep in mind the following: heat gained + heat lost = 0 and q=mass x heat capacity x ïT)

13. (5 pts) Calculate values of ÎHrxn for the following reactions: CS2(g) + 3O2(g) ï® CO2(g) + 2SO2(g)

The heat of formation for the following substances is given in kJ/mol:

CS2 CO2 SO2 117.4 -393.51 -296.83

14. (6 pts) Use the electron configuration of Li and Be and determine which element has the greatest second ionization energy. Defend your answer.

15. Mark beside each of the following processes either âexoâ or âendoâ according to whether you think the process will release heat or absorb heat.

a. Ca(g) ï Ca(g)+2 + 2e-
b. I(g)+1e-ï I(g)-1
c. Ca(g)+2 + S(g)-2 ï CaS(s) d. I2(g)ï 2I(g)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

16. (6 pts) In each of the following pairs, which of the two species is larger?
a) O-2 or Na+ b) Ti+4 or Ti+2 c) B or C d) N or N-3

17. Write down the Lewis dot structure for the following (a) N_______________ (b) Ne________________

18. THE BORN HABER CYCLE: I may have a problem on the Born Haber cycle. Please check my lecture notes to see how to set up the process and then calculate the lattice energy from the various thermodynamic quantities such as in the NaCl example below;

ï H ï¯ f NaCl = -411KJ

Na(s) ï® Na(g) ï H =108KJ
1â2 Cl2 ï® Cl(g) ï H = 122KJ Ionization Energy of Na ï H = 496 KJ Electron affinity of Cl ï H = -349KJ

HERE IS HOW THIS IS GOING TO WORK! IF YOU ANSWER THE QUESTIONS IWILL GIVE YOU THE 3K POINTS + MORE AFTER I REPOST IT.

2. The amount of heat involved in the synthesis of 1 mole of acompound from its elements, with all substances in their standardstates at 25*C, is called _________.

3. What is a valid unit for specific heat?

4. Use Hess's Law to find the heat of reaction in the examplebelow.

N2O4 (g) ----> 2NO2 (g)

Given that:

N2O4 (g) ----> N2 (g) + 2O2 (g) (Delta H =-9.7kJ)

2NO2 (g) ----> 2O2(g) + N2(g) ( Delta H= -67.7kJ)

5. Use Hess's Law to find the heat of reaction in the examplebelow. (Example doesn't exist btw.)

6. (Delta H) for the formation of rust (Fe2O3) is -826 kJ/mol. Howmuch energy is involved in the formation of 5 grams ofrust?

7. How many kilocalories of heat are required to raise thetemperature of 50g of aluminum from -5*C to 35*C? (Specific heat ofAluminum = 0.21 cal/g*C)

8.Calculate the (Delta H) for this reaction:

Zn(s) + Cu (2+ ion)(aq) ---> Zn(2+) + Cu(s)

(Delta H) for Cu(2+) = +64.4 kJ/Mol; (Delta H) for Zn(2+) = -152.4kJ/mol

9. The following equation shows the reaction that occurs whennitroglycerine explodes.

4C3H5O9N3 ----> 12CO2 + 6N2 + O2 +10H2O + 1725 Kcal

Is this reaction exothermic , endothermic, a combustion reaction ,or a combination reaction?

10. What does it mean for ammonia, (NH3) to have a (Delta H f) =-46 kJ/mol?

(for example: Define heat of formation. What does a negative heatof formation mean? what do the units of kJ/mol mean?)

11. What is the maximum amount of KCl that can dissolve in 500g ofwater?

(solubility of KCl is 34 g/ 100g of water at 20*C)

12.List the ways(operations) that can help make a substancedissolve faster in a solvent?

13. If a crystal added to an aqueous solution causes many particlesto come out of solution, the original solution was (saturate,unsaturated, supersaturated).

14. What is the number of moles of solute in 165 mL of a 0.82 Msolution?

15. What mass of NaCl is needed to make 350 mL of a 1.00 Msolution?

16. Colligative properties depend upon...

17. If one mole of each of these solutes in added to the sameamount of water, which solution has the highest boiling point?(glucose, aluminum sulfate, magnesium acetate, copper (I)chloride)

18. When an acid reacts with a base, what compounds areformed?

19. If the [H+] in a solution is 1x10^(-13) mol/L, what is the[OH-]?

20. If the [OH-] = 1x10^-6 mol/L, what is the pH of thesolution?

21. For a solution to be considered acidic what must be thehydrogen-ion concentration?

22. Which of the following represents a Bronsted-Lowry conjugateacid-base pair?

a) SO3(2-) and SO2 b) CO3(2-) and CO c) H3O and H2 d) NH4(+) and NH3

23. With solutions of "strong" acids and "strong" bases, the word"strong" refers to ...

24. What are the products of Al(OH)3 + H2CO3?

25.What is the concentration of hydrochloric acid if 5.0 mL of acidis neutralized by 30.0 mL of 2.00M sodium hydroxide.

26. At equilibrium, what is the rate of production of reactantscompared with the rate of production of products?

27. What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction2SO3 ---> 2SO2 + O2

28. How does an increase in pressure affect the following reaction?2SO3 (g) --> 2SO2(g) +O2(g)

29.What stresses would shift the reaction to the right?

2SO3(g) ==> 2SO2(g) + O2(g)

30. The Keq of a reaction 4.9 x 10^(-7). Are products or reactantsfavored at equilibrium?

31. In which of these systems is the entropy decreasing?

a) air escaping from a tire b) snow melting c) a gas condensing d) salt dissolving inwater

32. If an atom is reduced in a redox reaction, what must occur toanother atom in the system?

33. Identify the oxidizing agent in the following reaction: 2Na + S---> Na2S

34. What are transferred in an oxidation -reductionreaction?

35. Give the oxidation number for each atom in KMnO4.

36. Which atom has a change in oxidation number of +4 in thefollowing reaction?

K2Cr2O7 + H2O + S ----> KOH + Cr2O3 +SO2

37. What is the oxidation number of sulfur in each of the following:

a. SO3 c.SO2(2-)

b. Na2SO4 d. S2O4 (2-)

38.Fe(3+) ----> Fe represents oxidation, reduction, orhydrolysis?

39. When the half reactions Br2+ 2e- -----> 2Br- and Na---->e- + Na(+) are combined the balanced redox equation is_____________________ ( WRITE the BALANCED REDOX eq)

40. To balance the oxygen and hydrogen for a redox reaction thattakes place in basic solution, it is necessary to use whichsubstance?

41. What particle completes this nuclear equation? 55/25 Mn + 2/1 H====> _____ +2 1/0 n

42. The half-life of tungsten-182 (182/74 W) is 1.1x10^(17) years.How long would it take for a 376.2 kg sample to decay until only123.0 grams remain?

43. After 3 days, the quantity of certain radioisotope is reducedfrom 13.6 grams to 1.9 grams. Calculate the half-life of theisotope.

44. What is the name of the compound having the formulaC8H18.

45. What is the name of the following compound:

CH3---CH2----CH---CH2--C

I \

CH3 OH

46. What is an isomer? Give an isomer of hexane (C6H14) and drawit's structure.

47. What is the name of the hydrocarbons with double covalentbonds?

48. Draw the stucture for 3-methylbutanoic acid.

49. Draw the structure for methylbenzene?

50. What is the name of the following compound:

CH3----C-----CH3

CH3

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CHEM 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Zinc Sulfide, Joule, Intensive And Extensive Properties

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