BIOLOGY 151 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Amphiphile, Hydrophile, Macromolecule
21 Dec 2015
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Species, like animals, are alive, while rocks, are not alive. Phenol mixed with chloroform is hydrophobic, when mixed with water then centrifuged, the phases separate, with water on top. Left: phenol/chloroform extraction of dna from mouse tail sample; some remnants of hair from proteinase k digestion of tail clip. Right: parallel extraction from mouse liver sample; characteristic red color of liver tissue partly from hemoglobin and other heme-containing and iron-containing proteins. The four basic biological molecules are nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. A monomer is a single molecule of the macromolecule. A polymer is multiple molecules of the specific type of macromolecule bonded together. The monomer is called a nucleotide: it comprises of a phosphate group, nitrogenous base, and ribose sugar. The nucleotides form a phosphodiester bond a type of covalent bond. Note the negative charges: these help make the molecule polar and hydrophilic.
