ANTHRO 103 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Homo Erectus, Homo Habilis, Homo Rudolfensis
26 Sep 2016
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Document Summary
Human traits: changes to masticatory apparatus, brain size increase. Canines and molars reduced in size: non-honing vs. Apes have a honing facet after their diastema. Wear for apes on back of honing facet, humans have wear on the tips of. Adaptations for eating hard foods their canines: variation on the muscles temporalis and masseter muscles. Size and orientation changes: thick enamel in humans vs thin enamel in chimpanzees. Brain size and childhood dependency: bonobo = around 350cc (volume, human = around 1450 cc (volume) Feeding on grass seeds; provisioning family; thermoregulation; looking over tall grass; aquatic life; carrying; weapons and tools; vegetable foods, water infants; traveling: cons: Harder to overcome gravity and get blood to the brain. Greater stress on hips, lower back, knees, and feet from weight of upper body. More stress for females - extra weight with pregnancy and carrying nursing infants. Dramatic changes to skeleton - specifically to the skull, pelvis, knees and feet.
