MICRBIOL 415 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Macrophage, Rna Interference, Apoptosis

At the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention web site, look for case reports or case studies about a bacterial, fungal, viral and parasite (protozoan or helminth) infection, reported in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports (MMWR). Briefly summarize each case report in your own words, showing the type of infection, source of infection, identity of the pathogen (s), how the case was investigated and managed and the conclusions reached. Provide the citations for the four case reports. The case studies should be current; no older than 4 years.

Students need to provide detail regarding the cases and in the other responses. Students will need to read 3-4 cases before selecting which one to focus on for each pathogen. In each case study, it needs to be clear who was infected. Each student will select 4 cases. One for bacteria, fungi, virus and a parasite. A total of four cases.

For each case, describe who was infected, where the infection was acquired, how the infection was diagnosed, what tests were used and how the patient was managed and treated. Surveys and epidemiological reports are not case studies. In addition, the cases should be from MMWR.

1. What are the food groups? Check out the Canada Food Guide

2. Why do we need a balanced diet?
3. Are there other food guides? Which one would you choose to follow
4. Can you think of any of the parts of the digestive system that can be removed without causing
too much of a problem for the digestive process?
5. What do we do every day that causes our body to not be in homeostasis?
6. Next time you are in a public place, take a look around to see how many people you see
consuming energy drinks. What do you know about energy drinks? What do you know about the
effect of energy drinks on the body?
7. How do inhalers help people with chronic respiratory issues? Why do doctors sometimes
prescribe an inhaler for people who have an acute infection such as a cold?
8. If you read a study that did not follow the basic steps of the scientific method, what would you
think about the results that were reported?

If going to answer, answer all

Experiment #1

Question: Does penicillin prevent infection?

Hypothesis: If the medicine prevents infection, than the medicine will prevent the growth of bacteria that cause infection.

Experiment: Leo placed two circles of paper in a 500 Petri dish (something used for growing bacteria).In 250 dishes, the paper was soaked with Peniccilin solution and then inoculated with bacteria. The other 250 dishes were soaked in water only and inoculated with same bacteria .All other conditions including light and temperature remained the same. After 48 hours, Leo observed all dishes and noticed there was no bacteria growth in the penicillin dishes a circle. All dishes with water only had large colonies of bacteria growing in them.

　

At the end of the experiment, a circle with a radius of 2cm formed around the circle of paper soaked in penicillin. There were no bacteria growing in the 2cm circle. No change had occurred around the other circle of paper. The bacteria were growing well.

A. What was the independent variable? ______________________________________________________

B. What was the dependent variable? ________________________________________________________

C. What was the control? _____________

　

D. What was the constant

　

E. What type of study is this? Explain