IMMUNO 440 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Aids, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Viral Envelope
Document Summary
Avoidance/subversion of normal immune response by pathogen (influenza) Inherited defects of host defense due to specific gene mutations. First case of aids reported in 1981; patients displayed unusual opportunistic infections. Epidemiological studies indicate disease control occurred for years before diagnosis. Human immunodeficiency virus isolated and identified in 1983. Hiv found in two closely related forms: hiv-2: endemic in west africa and india; less virulent, hiv-1: causative agent for most aids worldwide. Both spread from primates to humans: hiv-1 from chimpanzee, hiv-2 from sooty mangabey. Two copies of rna genome; reverse transcribed into cdna, integrates into host genome. Viral tropism determined by specific viral receptors on host cells. Two non-covalently associated envelope glycoproteins required for binding to target cells: o gp-120 and gp41. Hiv as three major genes: o gag: encodes structural proteins of viral core pol: encodes enzymes required for viral replication/integration env: encodes viral envelope glycoproteins (pg120, gp41)
