ECON 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Sunk Costs, Opportunity Cost, Forego

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13 Mar 2017

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A cost that involves actually laying out money. Direct, out-of-pocket payments for inputs into the production process. Accounting costs (example: you pay for an apple) Does not require an outlay of money; it is measured by the value, in dollar terms, of the benefits that for forgone (example: you spend time going to the store to buy an apple) Both explicit and implicit costs are opportunity. The highest valued alternative that must be sacrificed in order to get something. Both implicit and explicit costs are opportunity costs. Wage represents payment necessary to bid worker away from alternative employment. Pay price necessary to bid resource away from alternative uses. Rent - rental rate is relevant cost. Own - forego the opportunity to rent to someone else or use in some alternative fashion (implicit cost of capital) Costs incurred in the past that cannot be recovered regardless of current decision making.

Related Questions

Q1 after Alistair earned his BA, he had to decide whether to accept the offer of a job that will pay him $45,000 per year or spend an additional two years earning an MBA. If he decides to pursue the graduate degree, his annual expenses for tuition, books, board, and lodging will be $32,000. Alistair has been offered a scholarship for $10,000 per year, but to pay the remaining $22,000 per year, he would have to cash in savings bonds that his grandparents have given him that have been earning $500 in interest per year. The annual opportunity cost of earning his MBA is:

1-$67,500.

2- $77,000.

3-$99,000.

4-$77,500.

Q3 Which statement about opportunity cost is NOT true?

1-Opportunity cost may be larger than monetary cost.

2-Opportunity cost includes both explicit and implicit costs.

3-The real or opportunity cost of something is what you must give up to get it.

4-Opportunity cost is synonymous with explicit costs.

Q3 If goods A and B are substitutes, a decrease in the price of good B will

increase the demand for good A.

increase the demand for good B.

decrease the demand for good A.

increase the demand for good B and decrease the demand for good A.

Q4 Suppose that, as incomes in a community increase, the demand for taxi service increases and the demand for bus service decreases. From this, it can be concluded that:

Both taxi service and bus service are inferior goods.

Both taxi service and bus service are normal goods.

Taxi service is a normal good; bus service is an inferior good.

Taxi service is an inferior good; bus service is a normal good.

Q5In economics, a marginal value refers to:

the value associated with an unimportant, or marginal, activity.
	a value entered as an explanatory item in the margin of a balance sheet or other accounts.
	the value associated with one more unit of an activity.
	a value that is most appropriately identified in a footnote. Q6 The terms decrease in demand and decrease in quantity demanded can be used interchangeably. True or false

plumgoldfish5

5. Economic profit is equal to

a. total revenue minus the explicit cost of producing goods and services.

b. total revenue minus the opportunity cost of producing goods and services.

c. total revenue minus the accounting cost of producing goods and services.

d. average revenue minus the average cost of producing the last unit of a good or service.

6. Accounting profit is equal to

a. marginal revenue minus marginal cost.

b. total revenue minus the explicit cost of producing goods and services.

c. total revenue minus the opportunity cost of producing goods and services.

d. average revenue minus the average cost of producing the last unit of a good or service.

7. Economic profit

a. will never exceed the accounting profit.

b. is most often equal to accounting profit

c. is always at least as large as accounting profit.

d. is a less complete measure of profitability than accounting profit

8. Which of the following expressions is correct?

a. accounting profit = total revenue - explicit costs

b. economic profit = total revenue - implicit costs

c. economic profit = total revenue - explicit costs

d. Both a and b are correct

Scenario 13-2:

Zach took $400,000 out of the bank and used it to start his new cookie business. The bank account pays 3% interest per year. During the first year of his business, Zach sold 6,000 boxes of cookies for $2.50. Also during the first year, the cookie business incurred costs that required outlays of money amounting to $9,000.

9. Zach's accounting profit for the year was

10. Zach's economic profit for the year was

Scenario 14-1:

As part of an estate settlement, Mary received $1 million. She decided to use the money to purchase a small business in Anywhere, USA. If Mary would have invested the $1 million in a risk-free bond fund she could have made $100,000 each year. She also quit her job with Lucky.Com Inc. to devote all of her time to her new business; her salary at Lucky.Com Inc. was $75,000 per

11. At the end of the first year of operating her new business, Mary's accountant reported an accounting profit of $150,000. What was Mary's economic profit?

Can you solve them and tell me if youre sure 100% 100% 100%

Question 1 (1 point)

If two variables move together but are otherwise unrelated, we have

Question 1 options:

a fallacy of composition.

an econometric model.

a spurious correlation.

an efficiency problem.

evidence of a weak correlation but strong causation.

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Question 2 (1 point)

The Latin expression "ceteris paribus": is essential in ______.

Question 2 options:

collecting data.

identifying sunk costs.

evaluating theories.

recognizing scarcity.

developing spurious relationships.

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Question 3 (1 point)

Opportunity cost is best defined as

Question 3 options:

marginal cost minus marginal benefit.

the time spent on an economic activity.

the value of the best forgone alternative.

the monetary cost of an economic decision.

marginal cost plus marginal benefit.

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Question 4 (1 point)

A cost that cannot be recovered at the time a decision is being made is termed a(n)

Question 4 options:

marginal cost.

scarcity cost.

sunk cost.

average cost.

opportunity cost.

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Question 5 (1 point)

If the marginal costs of 1, 2, and 3 hours of talking on the phone are $50, $75, and $105, then the total costs are

Question 5 options:

$50, $150, and $315.

$50, $41.67, and $115.

$50, 125, and $230.

$50, $175, and $405.

impossible to calculate with information given.

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Question 6 (1 point)

In general, individuals should specialize in producing those goods for which they

Question 6 options:

can produce more quickly than others.

can produce less quickly than others.

have the lowest opportunity cost compared to others.

have the highest opportunity cost compared to others.

have an average opportunity cost.

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Question 7 (1 point)

The extra benefit that comes from an extra unit of activity is called the _________ of the activity.

Question 7 options:

benefit

marginal benefit

marginal cost

average benefit

reservation benefit

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Question 8 (1 point)

The marginal benefit of an activity is the

Question 8 options:

same as the total benefits of the activity.

total benefit divided by the level of the activity.

change in the activity divided by the change in benefits.

extra benefit associated with an extra unit of the activity.

total benefit divided by the change in the level of the activity.

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Question 9 (1 point)

The fundamental problem that is studied in economics is that

Question 9 options:

consumers have limited wants in the face of unlimited resources.

markets should function without government interference.

Canada is too wealthy.

consumers have unlimited wants in the face of limited resources.

there are unlimited resources.

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Question 10 (1 point)

The range of topics, or issues, that fit within the definition of economics is

Question 10 options:

limited to market activities, e.g., buying soap.

limited to individuals and firms.

extremely wide, requiring only the ideas of choice and scarcity.

limited to governments and nations.

very limited.

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Question 11 (1 point)

When economists make predictions using the framework of a given economic model, it is usually based on

Question 11 options:

personal experiences.

important relationships between particular variables.

mathematical abstractions.

political implications.

the profit-maximizing objective.

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Question 12 (1 point)

The cost of spending an evening partying instead of studying economics is

Question 12 options:

the resulting decrease in the test score in Economics.

the time spent at the party.

the score of the test.

the cost of the textbook.

university tuition.

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Question 13 (1 point)

As one progresses from a one-person economy to a large, multi-person economy, the shape of production possibilities curve changes from

Question 13 options:

downward sloping to upwards sloping.

linear to convex (bowed into the origin).

concave (bowed out from the origin) to linear.

convex (bowed into the origin) to concave (bowed out from the origin).

linear to concave (bowed out from the origin).

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Question 14 (1 point)

Which is NOT a sunk cost?

Question 14 options:

Monthly rent of $1,000 contractually specified in a one-year lease.

An insurance premium of $50 per year, paid last month.

An attorney's retainer of $50,000 per year.

A worker's wage of $15 per hour.

A non-refundable deposit for a tender.

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Question 15 (1 point)

"We should support government intervention because the market produces undesirable outcomes" is an example of

Question 15 options:

positive economics.

normative economics.

comparative economics.

negative economics.

formative economics.

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ECON 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Sunk Costs, Opportunity Cost, Forego

ECON 101 Full Course Notes

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