BIOLOGY 172 Lecture 16: Genetic Material Notes (Lectures 16-18)

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scarletjackal526

5 Dec 2016

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The central dogma: information is passed from dna to rna to protein. Transcription: dna rna: not all genes are transcribed at once; when and where certain proteins are made determines what a cell can do. Proteins do the work of the cell. In eukaryotic cells: dna is transcribed to rna in the nucleus rna is then secreted out of the nucleus o(cid:374)(cid:272)e out, (cid:272)a(cid:374) (cid:271)e (cid:862)(cid:396)ead(cid:863) (cid:271)(cid:455) (cid:396)i(cid:271)oso(cid:373)es to (cid:373)ake p(cid:396)otei(cid:374)s. Hereditary information passed from parent to offspring. Determines the characteristics (phenotype) of the organism. Finding evidence for dna as the genetic material: transformation of streptococcus g(cid:396)iffith"s e(cid:454)pe(cid:396)i(cid:373)e(cid:374)t. Studied a type of bacteria with two forms: pathogenic: smooth looking, non-pathogenic: rough looking. Did series of experiments injecting strains into mice: smooth death, rough nothing, heat-killed smooth nothing, live rough & heat-killed smooth death. Dissected and found all live, smooth bacteria.

Related Questions

1. A region of a chromosome contains two strands of DNA, yet only one is used to transcribe a gene because

A. all genes are found on the same strand of DNA in a chromosome.

B.both strands are transcribed, but only one strand of DNA contains a reading frame.

C.RNA polymerase binds to the terminator, stopping transcription on one strand of DNA.

D.RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, which precedes the gene only on the template strand of DNA.

E.the start of transcription is random along the chromosome and doesn't always occur on a gene.

2. In eukaryotes an mRNA molecule can only be translated by one ribosome at a time.

True or False

3.The process by which cells use the information of RNA molecules to make proteins is transcription.

True or False

1.Which of the following scenarios correctly describe a major role of plasma membrane proteins?(SELECT ANY TRUE STATEMENTS.)

A protein that helps store DNA in the nucleus

A protein traveling in the bloodstream to act as a hormone

A protein that helps transports water soluble molecules through the cell membrane

A protein that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide (gases) though the cell membrane

2.A couple decides to have a baby. The woman elects to have an amniocentesis performed. The genetic counselor determines the baby has two copies of the Sickle cell gene and will therefore suffer from Sickle Cell Anemia. What is a gene?

A strand of RNA that codes for a particular polypeptide sequence

A noncoding segment of DNA

A three-base triplet that specifies a specific amino acid

A segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain

3. You decide to eat raw chicken. A white blood cell (macrophage) phagocytizes a bacterium (e.g. Salmonella) in your body, saving your life for a short period of time. Once the bacterium is taken into the white blood cell, what organelle digests the solid material?

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleus

Golgi apparatus

Nucleolus

Peroxisome

Ribosome

Lysosome

4. A mature brain cell (neuron) is metabolically active and functional. It is likely in:

Anaphase

Telophase

Metaphase

Interphase

Prophase

Cytokinesis

Classify the statements as describing a gene, chromosome, orgenome:

1.) Encodes all the heritable traits of an organism

2.) Describes the collection of all of the replicable materialof a cell or organism

3.) Codes for a specific protein or RNA

4.) Is a contiguous piece of DNA

5.) Acts as the basic unit of heredity

6.) Functions to package, organize, and regulate access toDNA

7.) Is the largest molecule in the cell

8.) Is a linear or circular molecule

9.) Is a unit of DNA carrying genetic information encoded ingenes

10.) Each organism has one.

11.) May include plasmids

12.) Determines a particular characteristic of an organism.

Hint: Consider both prokaryotic and eukaryotic species whenanswering this question, but do not consider viruses

PLEASE HELP :)

ochreclam516

BIOLOGY 172 Lecture 16: Genetic Material Notes (Lectures 16-18)

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