ANATOMY 403 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Human Digestive System, Gross Anatomy, Angiology
Document Summary
The discovery of venous valves, which prevent backflow of blood, led to discovery of blood circulation patterns. Shortage of cadavers grave robbers + victims murdered + bodies sold to schools. Anatomy : structure in which the functions of life take place. Human gross anatomy: examination of structures that can be seen without microscopes. 3 main approaches to studying anatomy: regional, systemic, clinical (applied) Regional anatomy : organization of body as segments/major parts based on form/mass. Paired upper limbs, lower limbs, head, trunk, thorax. Looking at specific part (head), region (face), or subregion (orbit) + examining the arrangement of muscles, nerves, arteries within that region. Body"s organization by layers: skin, subcutaneous tissue, deep fascia covering groups of muscles with similar innervations + functions. Surface anatomy : what lies under skin, what structures are palpable in living body at rest/action. Reflex hammer to test function of nerve/muscles. Radiographic anatomy : structures affected by muscle tone, body fluids, pressures, gravity.
