ACTG 210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: International Accounting Standards Board, Procter & Gamble, Internal Control

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30 Jul 2020

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L o 1 identify the forms of business organization and the uses of accounting information. L o 2 explain the three principal types of business activity. L o 3 describe the four financial statements and how they are prepared. Identify the forms of business organization and the uses of. Partnership: simple to establish, shared control, broader skills and resources, tax advantages. Corporation: easier to transfer ownership, easier to raise funds, no personal liability. The original clif bar energy bar was created in 1990 after six months of experimentation by gary erickson and his mother in her kitchen. Today, the company has almost 300 employees and is considered one of the leading landor"s breakaway brands . Company"s proudest moments was the creation of an employee stock ownership plan (e s o p) in 2010. This plan gives its employees 20% ownership of the company.

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Chapter 1 Financial Accounting and Accounting Standards

The essential characteristics of accounting are (1) theidentification, measurement, and communication of financialinformation about (2) economic entities to (3) interested partiesFinancial accounting is_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.For example accounting information is used by financial accountingto decide whether to invest in the company, evaluate borrowingcapacity to determine the extent of a loan to grant or buy, sell,hold equity and debt instruments.

Managerial accounting is_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

The financial statements* most frequently provided are (1)_______________________ (2) _______________________ (3)_______________________ (4) _______________________ *Also part ofthe financial statements are the notes of the financial statements.Other means of financial reporting that are not financialstatements include the presidentâs letter or supplementaryschedules in the corporate annual report, prospectuses, reportsfiled with government agencies, news releases, managementforecasts, and social or environmental impactstatements.

a) The objectives of Financial Reporting The objective;__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

General-purpose financialstatements_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Entity perspective____________________________________________________________________

Provide decision-useful_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

The accounting profession has developed a set of standards andprocedures called _________________________________________________________

Which of the following represents a form of communicationthrough financial reporting but not through financialstatements?

A. Notes to financial statements. B. Balance sheet. C.President's letter. D. Income statement.

The objective of financial reporting places most emphasison:

A. providing specific guidance related to specific needs. B.providing information to individuals who are experts in the field.C. reporting on stewardship. D. reporting to capital providers.

General-purpose financial statements are prepared primarily for:A. external users. B. auditors. C. internal users. D. governmentregulators.

LO 1.2 Identify the major policy-setting bodies and their rolein the standard-setting process.

Three organizations: Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC):______________________________

American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA):_______________________________________________________________

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB):____________________________

The federal government established the SEC to help develop andstandardize financial information presented to stockholders. Mostcompanies that issue securities to the public or are listed on astock exchange are required to file audited financial statementswith the SEC._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Under the direction of the SEC the__________________________________ was created by the AICPA in_______. It was the first private sector organization that had thetask of setting accounting standards in the United States. ï·___________________________________________________ that narrowedthe wide range of alternative accounting practices then inexistence. In _______. the __________________________________ wasformed to meet the demand for more structured accounting standards.The APB issued pronouncements on accounting principles until_______. the pronouncements where known as _________________, whenit was replaced by the __________________________________ .WheatCommitteeâs recommendations resulted in creation of FASB.

The FASB represents the current rule-making body within theaccounting profession. The mission of the FASB is to establish andimprove standards of financial accounting and reporting for theguidance and education of the public, which includes issuers,auditors, and users of financial information. The FASB differs fromthe predecessor APB in the following ways: a.__________________________________ b.__________________________________ c.__________________________________ d.__________________________________ e.__________________________________

In 1984, the FASB created the __________________________________The purpose of the Task Force is to reach a consensus on how toaccount for new and unusual financial transactions that have thepotential for creating differing financial reporting practices.

Which organization was responsible for issuing AccountingResearch Bulletins? A. The Accounting Principles Board. B. The SEC.C. The Committee on Accounting Procedure. D. The FASB.

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) was proposed bythe A. Study Group on the Objectives of Financial Statements. B.American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. C. Study Groupon establishment of Accounting Principles (Wheat Committee). D.Accounting Principles Board.

The major distinction between the Financial Accounting StandardsBoard (FASB) and its predecessor, the Accounting Principles Board(APB), is A. a majority of the members of the FASB are CPAs who aredrawn from public practice. B. all members of the FASB possessextensive experience in financial reporting.C. all members of theFASB are fully remunerated, serve full time, and are independent ofany companies or institutions. D. the FASB issues exposure draftsof proposed standards.

The FASB issues two major types of pronouncements: a. When theFASB issues a new standard it is refers as_________________________________to communicate changes to the FASBCodification. They are considered GAAP and must be followed inpractice. o How the FASB has changed US GAAP, including eachspecific amendment to the FASB Codification o Why the FASB decidedto change US GAAP and background information related to the changeo When the changes will be effective and the transition method. b.__________________________________ The SFACs represent an attemptto move away from the problem-by-problem approach to standardsetting that has been characteristic of the accounting profession.The Concept Statements are intended to form a cohesive set ofinterrelated concepts, a conceptual framework that will serve astools for solving existing and emerging problems in a consistentmanner. Unlike FASB statements, the Concept Statements do notestablish GAAP.

Prior to 2009 the FASB issued several type of pronouncementswhich had different levels of authority. The type of pronouncementsare listed in descending order of relative weight of authority theyhad within GAAP

ï· __________________________________

ï· ______________ : these pronouncements refined GAAP byclarifying conflicting or unclear issues relating to previouslyissued standards

ï· ______________ FASB staff issued pronouncements to providemore timely and consistent application guidance and to make narrowand limited revision of standards.

ï· ______________: FASB staff issue these pronouncements toclarify and explain, or elaborate on accounting and reportingproblems. ï· __________________________________

Which of the following is not a publication of the FASB? A.Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts B. Accounting ResearchBulletins C. Interpretations D. Technical Bulletins

_________________________________________________________________________The FASB has established the following procedures for developingaccounting standards. These procedures are used for major projects.Not all of the steps may be necessary for projects focused onnarrower application and implementation issues. Many other stepsare followed during the course of the project that are notspecifically required by the Boardâs Rules of Procedures.

Why was it believed that accounting standards that were issuedby the Financial Accounting Standards Board would carry moreweight? A. The FASB board had a smaller membership. B. The FASBboard members were well-paid. C. The FASB follows due process. D.The FASB board members were CPAs.

GAAP

The FASB developed the Financial Accounting Standards BoardAccounting Standards Codification _____________________________ toprovide in one place all the authoritative literature related to aparticulartopic._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Major sources of GAAP:

ï· _______________________________________

Most countries have recognized the need for more globalstandards. _____________________________________________ and U.S.rule-making bodies are working together to reconcile U.S. GAAP withthe IASB _________________________________________

Major challenges in the financial reporting environment.

ï·______________________________________________________________________

carminecrab519

Chapter 1 Financial Accounting and Accounting Standards

Other means of financial reporting that are not financialstatements include the presidentâs letter or supplementaryschedules in the corporate annual report, prospectuses, reportsfiled with government agencies, news releases, managementforecasts, and social or environmental impact statements.

a) The objectives of Financial Reporting The objective:

The objective is to prepare financial information that is usefulto present and potential equity investors, lenders and otherstakeholders in taking decision

b) General-purpose financialstatements_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

c) Entity perspective____________________________________________________________________

d)Provide decision-useful_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

e) The accounting profession has developed a set of standardsand procedures called _________________________________________________________

LO 1.2 Identify the major policy-setting bodies and their rolein the standard-setting process.

Three organizations: Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC):______________________________

American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA):_______________________________________________________________

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB):____________________________

ï· ___________________________________________________ thatnarrowed the wide range of alternative accounting practices then inexistence.

In _______. the __________________________________ was formed tomeet the demand for more structured accounting standards. The APBissued pronouncements on accounting principles until _______. thepronouncements where known as _________________, when it wasreplaced by the __________________________________ .WheatCommitteeâs recommendations resulted in creation of FASB. The FASBrepresents the current rule-making body within the accountingprofession. The mission of the FASB is to establish and improvestandards of financial accounting and reporting for the guidanceand education of the public, which includes issuers, auditors, andusers of financial information.

The FASB differs from the predecessor APB in the following ways:a. __________________________________ b.__________________________________ c.__________________________________ d.__________________________________ e.__________________________________

In 1984, the FASB created the __________________________________.The purpose of the Task Force is to reach a consensus on how toaccount for new and unusual financial transactions that have thepotential for creating differing financial reporting practices.

The FASB issues two major types of pronouncements:

a. When the FASB issues a new standard it is refers as_________________________________to communicate changes to the FASBCodification. They are considered GAAP and must be followed inpractice. o How the FASB has changed US GAAP, including eachspecific amendment to the FASB Codification o Why the FASB decidedto change US GAAP and background information related to the changeo When the changes will be effective and the transition method.

b. __________________________________ The SFACs represent anattempt to move away from the problem-by-problem approach tostandard setting that has been characteristic of the accountingprofession. The Concept Statements are intended to form a cohesiveset of interrelated concepts, a conceptual framework that willserve as tools for solving existing and emerging problems in aconsistent manner. Unlike FASB statements, the Concept Statementsdo not establish GAAP.

ï· __________________________________

ï· ______________ : these pronouncements refined GAAP byclarifying conflicting or unclear issues relating to previouslyissued standards

ï· ______________ FASB staff issued pronouncements to providemore timely and consistent application guidance and to make narrowand limited revision of standards.

ï· ______________: FASB staff issue these pronouncements toclarify and explain, or elaborate on accounting and reportingproblems.

ï· __________________________________

The FASB board members were CPAs. GAAP The FASB developed theFinancial Accounting Standards Board Accounting StandardsCodification _____________________________ to provide in one placeall the authoritative literature related to a particulartopic._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Major sources of GAAP: ï· _______________________________________ï· _______________________________________ ï·_______________________________________

Major challenges in the financial reporting environment. ï·______________________________________________________________________ï·______________________________________________________________________

coppermole606

QUESTION 1 The knowledge of financial accounting can assist people with decisions such as whether to extend credit to a business. True False 0.2 points Saved QUESTION 2 Employees of a company would not have a reason to use the information provided by financial accounting. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 3 Financial accounting should be used for assessing the financial health of large organizations only. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 4 Financial accounting can be helpful for a job candidate who is assessing the financial future of a potential employer. True False 0.2 points Saved QUESTION 5 Lenders might use the information produced by financial accounting when making loan decisions. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 6 Credit analysts prefer not to use information provided by financial accounting, as it is not accurate. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 7 Financial accounting is helpful to investment advisors. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 8 Financial accounting is more useful than managerial accounting. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 9 The decision to buy or rent equipment is an example of a decision aided by managerial accounting. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 10 Which of the following statements is true of financial accounting? A. It is used by external parties to make investment decisions. B. It is used to make lease or purchase decisions. C. Managerial accounting is another name for financial accounting, D. It is primarily used to make internal decisions of a business. E. The effectiveness of advertising can be judged using financial accounting. 0.2 points Saved QUESTION 11 The charge for using money over time, often associated with long-term loans, is known as: A. interest. B. principal. C. distribution charge. D. cash dividend. E. preferred dividend. 0.2 points Saved QUESTION 12 Which of the following is a common feature of financial and managerial accounting? A. Both have same objectives B. Both are prepared according to U.S. GAAP C. Both are reported at year end in the annual report D. Both are analyzed by external users while making investment decisions E. Both are used by the management in making decisions 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 13 Dividends are required to be paid to stockholders on an annual basis. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 14 An individual who owns one or more shares of stock in a corporation is an owner of that corporation. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 15 Corporations do not exist as separate legal entities apart from their owners. True False 0.2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 16 It is very difficult to buy or sell ownership shares of a corporation in a stock exchange. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 17 Stock markets match up investors who wish to buy shares with those who wish to sell them. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 18 Legal process by which owners of an organization apply to a state government to have it identified as an entity legally separate from its owners is called: A. stocking. B. filling. C. attributing. D. registration. E. incorporation. 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 19 An advantage of ownership in a sole proprietorship over ownership in a corporation is: A. tax benefits. B. having a board of directors. C. the ability to raise capital through issuance of stock. D. separation of owner and business as legal entities. E. limited liability for debts. 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 20 Who hires the management of a corporation? A. Stockholders B. Board of directors C. Creditors D. Government E. SEC 0.2 points Saved QUESTION 21 Inventory refers to the: A. excess amount paid for an asset over its fair value. B. intangible assets of a business. C. merchandise bought or manufactured for the purpose of selling. D. amount of net income reinvested by company for future operations. E. revenue generated from investment. 0.2 points Saved QUESTION 22 Investors use financial information to predict whether a: A. company will recruit more employees. B. company's stock price will increase C. company has invested in buildings. D. company will pay salaries. E. company's bond price will increase. 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 23 Financial accounting can be compared to a portrait. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 24 Financial statements provide the form and structure for the conveyance of financial information that will create a likeness of the reporting organization. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 25 The information reported in financial statements must be exact for an investor to make any decision. True False 0.2 points Saved

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ACTG 210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: International Accounting Standards Board, Procter & Gamble, Internal Control

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