BTEC 3301 Lecture 1: Exercise 01

1. All of the following characteristics of skin help make it a good defensive barrier against pathogenic microbes EXCEPT:

Springy elasticity

Saltiness due to production of sweat from sweat glands

Acidic pH due to oily compound (sebum) metabolism

Normal microflora of skin

Constant sloughing off of old dead epithelial skin cells

2. The majority of microorganisms comprising the normal microflora inhabiting the skin surface are:

Gram-positive fungi of the single-celled yeasts

Gram-positive bacteria of the Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, and Proprionibacterium genera

Gram-negative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family

Gram-negative bacteria of the Neisseria, Pseudomonas, and Salmonella genera

All of the above

3. The pus-producing skin infection (pyoderma) can be caused by:

Staphylococci

Streptococci

Corynebacteria

A combination of staphylococci, streptococci, and corynebacteria

All of these

4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of impetigo?

Common in children

Can be caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Can be caused by Streptococcus pyogenes

Is highly contagious

Can be caused by pseudomonads

5. Which of the following is NOT true about acne?

It is most commonly the result of male sex hormones that stimulate increased sebaceous gland growth and secretion of sebum.

Propionibacterium acnes in particular can turn a mild case of acne into a severe case by causing increased and widespread inflammation, tissue destruction, and scarring.

Common treatments are frequent cleansing of the skin and topical ointments that reduce the risk of infection.

Low doses of oral antibiotics are often prescribed to prevent bacterial infections of lesions and are without side effects.

In most cases, acne disappears or decreases in severity on its own as the body adjusts to the hormonal changes of puberty and sebaceous gland function stabilizes.

6. Which of the following often cause nosocomial infections in burn patients?

Streptococcus pyogenes

Serratia marcescens

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Staphylococcus aureus

b and c

7. Gas gangrene is most likely associated with infection with:

Staphylococcus aureus

Clostridium perfringenes

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

8. The leading cause of preventable blindness in the world is caused by:

Chlamydia trachomatis

Haemophilus influenzae

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pneumoniae

9. Chickenpox is a disease of chickens and is caused by the poxvirus, cowpox is a disease of cattle, and smallpox is a human disease that commonly affects only children. True or false?

10. Antibiotic is used to treat the eyes of newborn infants when:

The mother has gonorrhea

The mother has genital herpes

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is isolated from the newborn's eyes

Always

The mother has a history of multiple sex partners

11. The virus used to immunize individuals against smallpox causes the disease:

Chickenpox

Measles

Cowpox

Molluscum contagiosum

Warts

12. Which of the following fungal diseases result from an opportunistic fungal infection?

Zygomycoses

Aspergillosis

Candidasis

All of the above

None of the above

13. Rheumatic fever is caused by which organism?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus aureus

Escherichia coli

Streptococcus pyogenes

14. Which of the following components of the respiratory system is normally free of microorganisms?

Lungs

Nasal cavity

Pharynx

Trachea

Bronchi

15. Which of the following is true about diphtheria?

It is caused by strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae infected with a prophage that carries an exotoxin-producing gene.

A pseudomembrane composed of Corynebacterium diphtheriae cells, damaged epithelial cells, fibrin, and blood cells forms that can block the airway and cause suffocation.

The exotoxin spreads throughout the body damaging multiple organ system by interfering with cellular protein synthesis.

It can be prevented with DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) vaccine and treated with both antitoxin and antibiotics.

All of the above are true.

1- Different forms of spectator violence have different causes and dynamics. Identify these differences as you describe and make distinctions between panics, celebratory riots, and frustration riots.

2- The use of intimidation as a strategy is now common in certain sports. Explain why this has occurred and provide examples to show how athletes use intimidation as a strategy. Also explain what can be done to control the use of this strategy

3- What is the argument used by the author when he says that there is a need for alternative definitions of masculinity and femininity? How would alternative definitions benefit men and women? Give examples from the text and from your experience. Who would be most likely to resist changes in the way gender has traditionally been defined in society?

4- Before the passage of Title IX in 1971, most female athletes were seen as invaders of male territory, and they were marginalized and not taken seriously. That doesn't occur today except in sports that are lined with manhood and masculinity. Identify three sports in which female athletes continue to be marginalized and not taken seriously. What do these sports have in common, and how long will it be before women are acknowledged as serious participants in them?

5- Transgender and intersex persons provide a direct challenge to the gender segregation that pervades sports. Explain how they are forcing sport organizations to qualify or change their policies related to gender and gender segregation, and identify the changes that you think will be most helpful in achieving full gender inclusion in sports.

SOMEONE PLEASE HELP ASAP!!

Go to the IMG website: http://img.jgi.doe.gov/cgi-bin/edu/main.cgi

Using the Compare Genomes link, look at the Statistics for all genomes, and by changing the configuration of the excel table, answer the following questions. Make sure you are looking at the top 10,000 hits for your answers. [You can choose the configuration of the excel table by selecting the genes you are interested in and you can also sort each column in the ascending/descending order by clicking on the column heading]

A) Search genomes for the number of genes assigned to enzymes and the percentage of genes assigned to enzymes. Name the top three bacterial genomes here.

Give each genome's:

a) full name (genus, species and strain),

b) number of genes assigned to enzymes

c) the percentage of genes assigned to enzymes

B) Now search genomes for their number of horizontally transferred genes and their percentages. Give their exact values for the following organisms

1. Chlamydia trachomatis H17IMS:

2. Nocardia sp. NRRL S-836:

3. Hungatella hathewayi VE202-11:

4. Actinospica acidiphila NRRL B-24431:

5. Beauveria bassiana CH:

6. Pseudomonas flexibilis ATCC 29606: