BIOL 1353 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Nucleoid, Plasmid, Glycocalyx
5 Sep 2019
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Document Summary
Prokaryotes (domains bacteria and archaea) comprise a diverse array of unicellular forms and arrangements. Single, circular chromosome; located in non-membrane bound nucleoid region. Multiple, linear chromosomes located in a membrane bound nucleus. Inner cell membrane: phospholipids, proteins-transport, enzymes, maintain gradients. External structures: pili/fimbriae, fimbriae are more numerous and tend to be shorter, pili are fewer and have specialized functions, flagellum/flagella, motility, glycocalyx: capsule or other that is surrounding the cell wall. Cell wall: peptidoglycan: gram-positive bacteria, thick cell wall, gram-negative bacteria, thin cell wall, outer cell membrane, lipopolysaccharide layer, oreo cookie, the white part in the middle is the cell wall. Virulence factors: anything that can cause disease: possible ones include, pili, fimbriae, flagella, lps, capsule, its stuff that"s on the periphery of the cell bc those structures interact with your body. Water has the highest molecule percentage in bacterium. Glycocalyx: general term for extracellular polysaccharide-protein secretions; forms a viscous, gelatinous polymer.
