SOCI 3070 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Erving Goffman, Social Learning Theory, Restorative Justice
22 Dec 2017
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Pre-classical ideas 1760s & 1770s: little literature focusing on behavior and punishment of juveniles, deviant behavior occurs bc of supernatural or religious factors. Comte: theological stage (little focus on crime bc its evil; black/white religion) & Metaphysical stage (crime is just there: punishment (a way to placate the gods) focused on driving evil from individual, natural causes lead to deviance. Classical theories: theories about human behavior focus on man"s capacity as a rational thinker. Focus on free will > we do what we want & decisions made rationally: cesare beccaria ( 1764/1819) & bentham (1780/1789) Argue individual weigh cost & bene ts of action & act when bene ts > costs. Beccaria : most effective punishment must adhere to 3 elements: certainty, celerity -> swiftness, severity -> punishment must be bad enough to provoke regret. Focus on rational component of crime, on uniformity in sentencing, uniformity in written law, and on the curtailing of capital & corporeal punishment.
