HDFS 2950 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Tuning Fork, Social Cognitive Theory, Social Learning Theory
20 Sep 2016
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Theory: an orderly, integrated set of statements that; describes behavior, explains behavior, and predicts behavior. Individuals high or low in a characteristic remain so at later ages. Basic trust v mistrust: birth one year. Autonomy v shame and doubt: one three. View most changes in children"s cognitive development as the result of learning (nurture over nature) Classical conditioning: involuntary emotional or physiological responses (fear, salivation, sweating) Operant conditioning: intentional behavior (improving your dancing, throwing a tantrum, playing the piano) Process: training humans/animals to react to a stimulus. Discoverer: pavlov, 1920s, tests with dogs and salivation. Sound a tuning fork (neutral stimulus): no salivation. Feed the dog (unconditioned stimulus): dog salivates (unconditioned response) Sound a tuning fork, immediately feed dog, repeat. Over time sound of tuning fork (conditioned stimulus) stimulates dog"s salivation (conditioned response) Human examples: many emotional reactions ( white coat syndrome and little. Cats in boxes escaped by opening a latch (operating on the environment)
