ECO 2023 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Marginal Utility, Marginal Cost, Economic Surplus

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azurerhinoceros30

26 Sep 2016

School

University of Florida

Department

Economics

Course

ECO 2023

Professor

Mark Rush

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Document Summary

Maximum price the consumer is willing to pay. Minimum price the producer is willing to accept. When msc > msb, do not do the action. When msb > msc, do the action. Surplus benefit over cost on all units this is the number we want to maximize. The allocative efficiency is equal to the equilibrium quantity. Consumer surplus: the difference between the maximum price a consumer is willing to pay minus the price actually paid summed over the quantity consumed. Producer surplus: the difference between the price actually received minus the minimum price a producer is willing to accept, summed over the quantity produced. To find the consumer and producer surplus on a graph, just use the formula for the area of a triangle= bh. Price ceiling: the government sets the maximum price that is legal. Price floor: the government sets the minimum price that is legal.

Related Questions

1. Consumer surplus is not

a. the value of a good minus the price paid for it, summed over the quantity bought.

b. greater on the first unit sold than on the last unit sold.

c. greater on the last unit sold than on the first unit sold.

d. equal to the area below the demand curve and above the market price line.

2. The demand curve for hamburgers is the same as the

a. marginal benefit curve for hamburgers.

b. marginal cost curve of hamburgers.

c. consumer surplus curve of hamburgers.

d. All of the above.

3. A supply curve is

a. the same as a production possibilities frontier.

b. a marginal social benefit curve.

c. a marginal benefit curve.

d. a marginal cost curve.

e. a downward-sloping curve.

4. The opportunity cost of producing one more hot dog is $1.00. The price of a hot dog is $1.50. The producer surplus from selling one more hot dog is

a. $1.00

b. $1.50

c. $0.50

d. zero.

e. $2.50

5. Markets may not achieve an efficient allocation of resources when there are

a. external costs.

b. monopolies.

c. taxes.

d. all of the above.

Michael spends all of his income on coffee and donuts. A coffee costs $2.50 and a donut costs $2.00. At his current consumption level, the marginal utility for coffee is 30 utils, and the marginal utility for a donut is 60 utils. Which statement best describes what Michael needs to do to maximize his utility?

Question 1 options:

1)	buy less of both coffee and donuts.

2)	buy less coffee and more donuts.

3)	buy more coffee and less donuts.

4)	spend the same amount on coffee as he does on donuts.

Question 2

What is it called when the marginal utility derived from the last dollar spent on each good is the same across all goods and the last dollar spent uses all of the available budget for the purchase of those goods?

Question 2 options:

1)	the optimal consumption bundle.

2)	the optimal production bundle.

3)	diminishing marginal utility.

4)	optimal point.

Question 3 (1 point)

What does the economic theory of marginal utility infer?

Question 3 options:

1)	consumers naturally know which consumption choices will maximize their utility.

2)	consumers who watch market trends are better at maximizing their utility than are those who do not watch those trends.

3)	one cannot maximize utility without taking an economics class that explains utility theory.

4)	one cannot maximize utility without doing the math of calculating the ratios of marginal utility divided by price.

Question 4

Kate is addicted to chocolate and does not care how much it costs. In fact, she spends more than $20 a week on chocolate. What can be concluded about elasticity in her buying decisions?

Question 4 options:

1)	Her income elasticity of demand for chocolate is equal to one.

2)	Her income elasticity of demand for chocolate is equal to zero.

3)	Her price elasticity of demand for chocolate is equal to one.

4)	Her price elasticity of demand for chocolate is equal to zero.

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Question 5 (1 point)

Why does the demand for a good become relatively more elastic?

Question 5 options:

1)	substitutes for the good become more available.

2)	substitutes for the good become less available.

3)	the good becomes more of a necessity.

4)	the time allowed for adjustment is shortened.

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Question 6 (1 point)

Assume the price of chicken per pound is $3.49 and that Americans purchase 10 million pounds per chicken every month. If the price of chicken increases to $5.49 per pound, identify what will occur to consumer surplus?

Question 6 options:

1)	consumer surplus increases.

2)	consumer surplus decreases.

3)	consumer surplus creates incentive to save.

4)	consumer surplus creates incentive to spend.

Question 7 (1 point)

What is another name for the difference between the price that consumers are willing to pay for a good and a lower price that they may actually have to pay?

Question 7 options:

profit.

revenue.

3)	consumer utility.

4)	consumer surplus.

Question 8

Adam, Brian, Robert, and Sam all want to attend a football game. The admission price is $48. Adam is willing to pay $59 for the ticket. Brian is willing to pay $39. Robert is willing to pay $45, and Sam is willing to pay $55. Based on this information, who will go to the game?

Question 8 options:

1)	Adam, Brian, Robert, and Sam.

2)	Brian and Robert.

3)	Adam and Sam.

4)	Brian, Robert, and Sam.

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Question 9 (1 point)

Lily is willing to pay $10 for one bracelet and $5 for a second. Patty is willing to pay $12 for one bracelet and $2 for a second. If the price is currently $8 per bracelet, identify what is the total consumer surplus after Lily and Patty make their purchases?

Question 9 options:

Question 10 (1 point)

Manfred is willing to shovel one driveway for $25, a second for $30, and a third for $35. Assume that the market rate for shoveling driveways is $32. How many driveways will Manfred shovel, what will be his total revenue, and what will be his producer surplus?

Question 10 options:

1)	Manfred will shovel two driveways for a total revenue of $64 and his producer surplus will be $9.

2)	Manfred will shovel three driveways for a total revenue of $75 and his producer surplus will be $12.

3)	Manfred will shovel three driveways for a total revenue of $96 and his producer surplus will be $5.

4)	Manfred will shovel four driveways for a total revenue of $125 and his producer surplus will be $18.

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Question 11 (1 point)

What would the difference between the price that producers receive and the lower price at which they are willing to sell the good be called?

Question 11 options:

1)	producer shortage.

2)	producer surplus.

3)	consumer shortage.

4)	consumer surplus.

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Question 12 (1 point)

What will happen when there is an increase in the price of eBook downloads?

Question 12 options:

1)	It reduces the marginal utility derived from each dollar spent on eBooks.

2)	It reduces the marginal utility derived from each hardcopy book purchased.

3)	There will not be a substitution effect.

4)	There will not be a change in the number of eBooks in the set of consumption possibilities.

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Question 13 (1 point)

When is price elasticity of demand utilized to measure how an individual changes the quantity they demand?

Question 13 options:

1)	when supply changes.

2)	when product quality changes.

3)	when marketing changes.

4)	when price changes.

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Question 14 (1 point)

Assume Mary consumes only tea and pastries. A cup of tea costs 5 euros and a pastry costs 8 euros. Her weekly income is 450 euros. Mary always drinks 2 cups of tea for every pastry she consumes. What is Maryâs optimal weekly consumption bundle?

Question 14 options:

1)	25 cups of tea and 50 pastries.

2)	50 cups of tea and 25 pastries.

3)	58 cups of tea and 20 pastries.

4)	60 cups of tea and 30 pastries.

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Question 15 (1 point)

When is producer surplus a positive value?

Question 15 options:

1)	the price the producer is willing to charge equals the market price.

2)	there is no tax applied to the good.

3)	the price the producer is willing to charge is less than the market price.

4)	the price the producer is willing to charge is greater than the market price.

Select the correct answer:

A (legal; natural) monopoly exists when one firm can meet the entire market demand at a lower average total cost than two or more firms could.

A monopoly that is able to sell different units of a good or service for different prices is a (natural-price; price-discriminating) monopoly.

The act of obtaining special treatment by the government to create an economic profit is called (government surplus; rent seeking).

Regulated firms have an incentive to inflate their costs under (rate of return; price cap) regulation.

The U.S. Postal Service has a (natural; legal) monopoly on first class mail delivery.

A (single-price; price discriminating) monopoly maximizes profit by producing the quantity at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost and then charging the maximum price that consumers are willing to pay for that quantity.

The key idea behind price discrimination is to convert (consumer surplus; producer surplus) into economic profit.

ECO 2023 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Marginal Utility, Marginal Cost, Economic Surplus

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