ECO 2013 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Economic Equilibrium, Economic Surplus, Demand Curve

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Market Equilibrium
Shifts in Demand and Supply curves on Market Equilibrium graph
Supply shift LEFT
Supply shift RIGHT
Demand shift LEFT
Q: DECREASE
P: ?
Q: ?
P: DECREASE
Demand shift RIGHT
Q: ?
P: INCREASE
Q: INCREASE
P: ?
Consumer Surplus: The difference between the value of a unit of a good or
service and the price that is actually paid, summed across all units that are
purchased.
On the demand curve graph:
CS = ½(quantity)(price)
Producer Surplus: The difference between minimum price that a seller would
supply a unit of a good or service for and the price they actually recieve, summed
across all units that are sold.
On the supply curve graph:
PS: ½(quantity)(price)
Total Surplus = Producer Surplus + Consumer Surplus
Taxes
2 different types of taxes
Excise Tax: Quantity tax; for every unit bought you must the tax for each.
Ad Valorem Tax: Percentage tax based on total price you pay.
Ex: sales taxes, property taxes
Taxes on buyers vs. taxes on sellers
Has the same outcome
Doesn’t matter who you collect the tax from
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