PSYC100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Social Cognition, Dsm-5, Biopsychosocial Model
8 May 2018
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◆ Values Affirmation Intervention
➢ Graph- Exam scores- men much higher
than women, after intervention, women and
men pretty much equal
➢ FMCE- applying physics concepts in a
conceptual way- Men performing better than
women, but after intervention there is no
real difference between men and women
➢ Change the environments in which you
learn can change outcomes
❖ What do we have to know or ask ourselves in order to separate everyday
problems from psychological disorder?
➢ Cultural norms- does something deviate from that cultural norm
➢ Duration or how long lasting the symptoms are
➢ Do these behaviors or emotions cause the individual distress themselves
or threaten the safety of others
❖ Assessment
➢ Self-reports, Observations, Interviews > Assessment > Diagnosis >
Treatment >Ongoing Assessment
➢ Self-reports- questionnaire, survey, advantages-easy, quick,
disadvantages- biases, might only be reflecting something temporary,
memory biases, socially desirable responding- underreporting of
symptoms to seem more socially desirable, people can flat out lie
➢ Observations- doctor observes the patient in a normal setting;
advantages- setting is a more comfortable setting, removes bias;
disadvantages-preconceptions, confirmation bias from observer, if
observer comes from different culture then there may be cultural bias
➢ Interviews- advantages- harder to get away with lying to someone’s face,
lying less likely, more detailed response and follow up questions; in
contrast to survey, body language can be observed; Rosenhan’s study-
biases always infiltrate in diagnoses
➢ Assessment-Using a combination of these methods can counteract the
others weaknesses, but using alone has too many problems
➢ Diagnosis- DSM-5- book that has all the mental disorders and each of
their criteria, using assessment and matching it up to the various criteria
➢ Treatment- When diagnosis is made then the best treatment can be
figured out
➢ Ongoing assessment- keep looking at patient whilst in treatment to see
how symptoms are doing (better, worsening, same) and go back to
treatment to make sure the diagnosis is being treated right
❖ Diagnosis Psychological Disorders
➢ Categorical- Either has or does not have the disorder, based on criteria;
standardization of criteria; not as accurate because it may ignore people
who don’t meet all criteria
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
■ Yes they have an anxiety disorder
■ No, they do not have an anxiety disorder
➢ Dimensional- Individuals vary on a continuum and differ in degree rather
than kind; ex: high or low levels of anxiety
■ Anxiety- Lower to higher
➢ DSM changes as empirical evidence is collected
➢ Moving toward more dimensional approach- autism used to be separated
in 7 disorders’ in new DSM-5 all those disorders are called autism
spectrum disorders; Schizophrenia- everyone has some symptoms of it,
but just not to the extreme
❖ Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
➢ Schizophrenia affects about 1% of Americans
➢ Considered a chronic (over time), severe, and disabling brain disorder
➢ Psychotic disorder- experiences in which you cannot separate what is
real and what is not real
■ Auditory hallucinations- hearing voices- uncertain as to whether it
is real or not real
❖ Review questions
➢ This early brain development process is thought to help us understand
why plasticity lessens over time. And which part of the neuron is affected
by this process?
■ Pruning- synapse (synaptic connection across the brain) is being
trimmed away
➢ Some researchers have argued that the focus on memorizing definitions
and vocab words is coming at a cost of the ability for students to solve
problems when replaced in new situation. Students are not developing…
■ Fluid intelligence
➢ As adults, aex is in a romatic relationship with gloria and is extremely
clingy and wants to be with her all the time. She also consistently
questions whether she loves her, which tends push gloria away
emotionally. Alex is ….
■ Insecure ambivalent- opposite i want it but i don’t
❖ Schizophrenia
➢ Positive symptoms- excess, these behaviors are present in individuals
who have this
■ Delusions- false belief that is so strongly held that it is resistant to
any evidence or change, extreme levels of this that impairs your
everyday life, incorrect interpretations
● Belief that the government is spying on you
● Misinterpretation that a given advertisement has secret
messages in it
■ Hallucinations- false sensory experiences (auditory or visual)
when hearing or seeing things, can’t tell what is real and what is
not real
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Graph- exam scores- men much higher than women, after intervention, women and men pretty much equal. Fmce- applying physics concepts in a conceptual way- men performing better than women, but after intervention there is no real difference between men and women. What do we have to know or ask ourselves in order to separate everyday. Cultural norms- does something deviate from that cultural norm. Duration or how long lasting the symptoms are. Do these behaviors or emotions cause the individual distress themselves or threaten the safety of others. Self-reports, observations, interviews > assessment > diagnosis > Treatment >ongoing assessment disadvantages- biases, might only be reflecting something temporary, memory biases, socially desirable responding- underreporting of symptoms to seem more socially desirable, people can flat out lie. Observations- doctor observes the patient in a normal setting; advantages- setting is a more comfortable setting, removes bias; disadvantages-preconceptions, confirmation bias from observer, if observer comes from different culture then there may be cultural bias.
